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Cicero · De Imperio Cn. Pompei

De Imperio Cn. Pompei 12

The swift clearing of the seas

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Man. 12.1Sed quid ego longinqua commemorō?But why do I recall far-off things? Man. 12.1Fuit hoc quondam, fuit proprium populī Rōmānī longē ā domō bellāre et prōpugnāculīs imperī sociōrum fortūnās, nōn sua tēcta dēfendere.It was once, yes, it was the special mark of the Roman people to wage war far from home and to defend with the bulwarks of empire the fortunes of their allies, not their own roofs. Man. 12.1Sociīs ego vestrīs mare per hōsce annōs clausum fuisse dīcam, cum exercitūs vestrī numquam Brundisiō nisi hieme summā trānsmīserint?Am I to say that the sea was closed to your allies during these years, when your own armies never crossed from Brundisium except in the depth of winter? Man. 12.1Quī ad vōs ab exterīs nātiōnibus venīrent, captōs querar, cum lēgātī populī Rōmānī redēmptī sint?Am I to complain that those who were coming to you from foreign nations were captured, when envoys of the Roman people have had to be ransomed? Man. 12.1Mercātōribus mare tūtum nōn fuisse dīcam, cum duodecim secūrēs in praedōnum potestātem pervēnerint?Am I to say that the sea was not safe for merchants, when twelve axes came into the power of pirates?

Man. 12.33Cnidum aut Colophōnem aut Samum, nōbilissimās urbīs, innumerābilīsque aliās captās esse commemorem, cum vestrōs portūs atque eōs portūs quibus vītam ac spīritum dūcitis in praedōnum fuisse potestāte sciātis?Am I to mention that Cnidus or Colophon or Samos, most famous cities, and countless others were captured, when you know that your own harbours, and those harbours through which you draw your life and breath, were in the power of pirates? Man. 12.33An vērō ignōrātis portum Cāiētae celeberrimum et plēnissimum nāvium īnspectante praetōre ā praedōnibus esse dīreptum, ex Mīsēnō autem eius ipsīus līberōs quī cum praedōnibus anteā bellum gesserat ā praedōnibus esse sublātōs?Or are you really unaware that the harbour of Caieta, very busy and full of ships, was plundered by pirates under the eyes of a praetor, and that from Misenum the children of the very man who had previously waged war against the pirates were carried off by pirates? Man. 12.33Nam quid ego Ōstiēnse incommodum atque illam lābem atque ignōminiam reī pūblicae querar, cum prope īnspectantibus vōbīs classis ea cui cōnsul populī Rōmānī praepositus esset ā praedōnibus capta atque dēpressa est?For why should I complain of the setback at Ostia, and that blot and disgrace on the state, when almost under your eyes the fleet over which a consul of the Roman people had been placed was captured and sunk by pirates?

Man. 12.33Prō dī immortālēs!Immortal gods! Man. 12.33tantamne ūnīus hominis incrēdibilis ac dīvīna virtūs tam brevī tempore lūcem adferre reī pūblicae potuit ut vōs, quī modo ante ōstium Tiberīnum classem hostium vidēbātis, eī nunc nūllam intrā Oceanī ōstium praedōnum nāvem esse audiātis?could the incredible and godlike merit of one man bring so much light to the state in so short a time that you, who lately saw an enemy fleet before the mouth of the Tiber, now hear that there is no pirate ship this side of the mouth of the Ocean? Man. 12.34Atque haec quā celeritāte gesta sint, quamquam vidētis, tamen ā mē in dīcendō praetereunda nōn sunt.And with what speed these things were done, although you see it, should still not be passed over by me in speaking. Man. 12.34Quis enim umquam aut obeundī negōtī aut cōnsequendī quaestūs studiō tam brevī tempore tot loca adīre, tantōs cursūs cōnficere potuit, quam celeriter Pompeiō duce tantī bellī impetus nāvigāvit?For who ever, in eagerness either to carry out business or to make profit, was able to visit so many places and complete such great journeys in so short a time as the onslaught of so great a war sailed with Pompey as its leader?

Man. 12.34quī nōndum tempestīvō ad nāvigandum marī Siciliam adiit, Āfricam explōrāvit, inde Sardiniam cum classe vēnit atque haec tria frūmentāria subsidia reī pūblicae firmissimīs praesidiīs classibusque mūnīvit.He, when the sea was not yet in season for sailing, went to Sicily, reconnoitred Africa, came from there with his fleet to Sardinia, and secured these three granaries of the state with very strong garrisons and fleets. Man. 12.35Inde cum sē in Ītaliam recēpisset, duābus Hispāniīs et Galliā Trānsalpīnā praesidiīs ac nāvibus cōnfirmātā, missīs item in ōram Illyricī maris et in Achāiam omnemque Graeciam nāvibus Ītaliae duo maria maximīs classibus firmissimīsque praesidiīs adōrnāvit, ipse autem ut Brundisiō profectus est, ūndēquīnquāgēsimō diē tōtam ad imperium populī Rōmānī Ciliciam adiūnxit;Then, when he had returned to Italy, having secured the two Spains and Transalpine Gaul with garrisons and ships, and having likewise sent ships to the coast of the Illyrian sea and to Achaea and all Greece, he equipped the two seas of Italy with very large fleets and very strong garrisons, while he himself, after setting out from Brundisium, on the forty-ninth day added the whole of Cilicia to the empire of the Roman people; Man. 12.35omnēs quī ubīque praedōnēs fuērunt partim captī interfectīque sunt, partim ūnīus huius sē imperiō ac potestātī dēdidērunt.all the pirates who were anywhere were either captured and killed, or surrendered themselves to the command and power of this one man.

Man. 12.35Īdem Crētēnsibus, cum ad eum ūsque in Pamphȳliam lēgātōs dēprecātōrēsque mīsissent, spem dēditiōnis nōn adēmit obsidēsque imperāvit.He also did not take away from the Cretans the hope of surrender, when they had sent envoys and intercessors to him all the way into Pamphylia, and he demanded hostages. Man. 12.35Ita tantum bellum, tam diūturnum, tam longē lātēque dispersum, quō bellō omnēs gentēs ac nātiōnēs premēbantur, Pompeius extrēmā hieme apparāvit, ineunte vērē suscēpit, mediā aestāte cōnfēcit.Thus so great a war, so long-lasting, so far and widely scattered, a war by which all peoples and nations were oppressed, Pompey prepared at the end of winter, took up at the beginning of spring, and finished in midsummer.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×5, ablative absolute ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×5

Latin vocabulary for this passage (199 words)
sed, conj.but
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
longinquus, -a, -umdistant, remote
commemorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummention, recount
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
quondam (adv.)once, formerly, at one time
proprius, -a, -umone's own, private; characteristic (of)
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
longē, adv.far
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
bellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwage war, fight
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
prōpugnāculum, -ī n.bulwark, defence
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
nōn, adv.not
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
tēctum, -ī n.roof; house
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
vester, -tra, -trumyour
mare, maris, n.sea
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
annus, -ī, m.year
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
numquam, adv.never
nisi, conj.if not, unless
hiems, hiemis f.winter
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
trānsmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend across; cross over
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
vōsplur. of tū
exterus, -a, -umoutside, foreign; exterae nātiōnēs: foreign peoples
nātiō, -ōnis f.people, nation; birth
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
redimō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptumbuy up; buy back
mercātor, -ōris, m.trader, merchant
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
duodecim, indecl. adj.twelve
secūris, -is f.axe (the axes in the fasces, sign of Roman power)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
praedō, -ōnis m.robber, pirate
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
urbs, urbis, f.city
innumerābilis, -ecountless
que, enclitic conj.and
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
portus, -ūs, m.harbor, haven, port
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
vīta, -ae, f.life
spīritus, -ūs m.breath; (pl.) pride, arrogance
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
an, conj.or (in questions)
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
ignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe ignorant of
celeber, celebris, celebrefrequented; renowned, celebrated
plēnus, -a, -umfull
nāvis, -is, f.ship
īnspectō, -ārelook on, watch
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
dīripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptumplunder
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
cum, prep, with abl.with
anteā, adv.before
bellum, -ī, n.war
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
nam, conj.for
Ōstiēnsis, -eof Ostia, the port of Rome
incommodum, -ī, n.inconvenience
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
lābēs, -is f.fall; stain, disgrace; the first slip into ruin
ignōminia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
classis, -is f.fleet
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
praepōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput in command of
dēprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressumpress down, sink; depressus: sunk below ground
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
deus, -ī, m.god
immortālis, -eimmortal
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
homō, hominis, m.man
incrēdibilis, eincredible
dīvīnus, -a, -umdivine, of the gods
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
tam, adv.so
brevis, -eshort
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
lūx, lūcis, f.light
adferō, adferre, attulī, adlātusbear to, bring
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
modo, adv.only
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
ōstium, -ī, n.mouth, doorway, door
Tiberīnus, -a, -umof the Tiber
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
nunc, adv.now
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
intrā, prep. with acc.within
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
celeritās, -tātis, f.swiftness, quickness, speed
quamquam, conj.however much, although
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
praetereō, -īre, -iī, -ituspass by
enim, conj.for
umquam, adv.ever
obeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to meet; attend to, carry out
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
cōnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, follow; overtake
quaestus, -ūs m.gain, profit
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
tot (indecl.)so many
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
celeriter, adv.swiftly, quickly
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
nāvigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussail
nōndum, adv.not yet
tempestīvus, -a, -umtimely; convīvium tempestīvum: a party that starts early (before the usual hour)
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
inde (adv.)from there; then
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
frūmentārius, -a, -umof grain (rēs frūmentāria: grain supply)
subsidium, -ī, n.reserve, reinforcement, support, help
firmus, -a, -umstrong, steadfast
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
Trānsalpīnus, -a, -umbeyond the Alps, Transalpine
cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātusstrengthen, establish; declare, assert
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
itemlikewise, also
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
Illyricus, -a, -umIllyrian, of the eastern coast of the Adriatic
omnis, -eall, every
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
adōrnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusprepare, equip; urge on
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
ūndēquīnquāgēsimus, -a, -umforty-ninth
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
adiungo, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to, join
ubīque (adv.)everywhere
partim (adv.)partly (partim … partim: some … others)
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
dēprecātor, -ōris m.intercessor, go-between
spēs, speī, f.hope
dēditiō, -ōnis f.surrender
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
obses, obsidis m./f.hostage
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
diūturnus, -a, -umlong-lasting
lātēwidely
dispergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersumscatter
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
apparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusprepare, get ready
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
vērē (adv.)truly, really
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
aestās, -tātis, f.summer
Cicero, De Imperio Cn. Pompei. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.