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Cicero · De Imperio Cn. Pompei

De Imperio Cn. Pompei 11

Pompey's exploits and the pirate menace

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Man. 11.1Iam vērō virtūtī Pompēī quae potest ōrātiō pār invenīrī?Now what speech can be found equal to Pompey's ability? Man. 11.1Quid est quod quisquam aut illō dignum aut vōbīs novum aut cuiquam inaudītum possit adferre?What can anyone bring forward that is either worthy of him, or new to you, or unheard of by anyone? Man. 11.1Neque enim sōlae sunt virtūtēs imperātōriae quae volgō exīstimantur, labor in negōtiīs, fortitūdō in perīculīs, industria in agendō, celeritās in cōnficiendō, cōnsilium in prōvidendō, quae tanta sunt in hōc ūnō quanta in omnibus reliquīs imperātōribus quōs aut vīdimus aut audīvimus nōn fuērunt.For the qualities of a commander are not only those commonly thought of — toil in business, courage in dangers, diligence in action, speed in execution, foresight in planning — which are greater in this one man than they have been in all the other commanders whom we have either seen or heard of. Man. 11.1Testis est Ītalia quam ille ipse victor L. Sulla huius virtūte et subsidiō cōnfessus est līberātam;Italy is witness, which the victor himself, Lucius Sulla, acknowledged had been freed by this man's courage and help; Man. 11.30testis Sicilia quam multīs undique cinctam perīculīs nōn terrōre bellī sed cōnsilī celeritāte explicāvit;Sicily is witness, which, beset on every side by many dangers, he set free not by the terror of war but by swiftness of judgement; Man. 11.30testis Āfrica quae magnīs oppressa hostium cōpiīs eōrum ipsōrum sanguine redundāvit;Africa is witness, which, crushed by great forces of the enemy, overflowed with the blood of those very enemies; Man. 11.30testis Gallia per quam legiōnibus nostrīs iter in Hispāniam Gallōrum interniciōne patefactum est;Gaul is witness, through which a route into Spain was opened for our legions by the slaughter of the Gauls; Man. 11.30testis Hispānia quae saepissimē plūrimōs hostīs ab hōc superātōs prōstrātōsque cōnspēxit;Spain is witness, which has very often seen very many enemies overcome and laid low by this man; Man. 11.30testis iterum et saepius Ītalia quae, cum servīlī bellō taetrō perīculōsōque premerētur, ab hōc auxilium absente expetīvit, quod bellum exspectātiōne eius attenuātum atque imminūtum est, adventū sublātum ac sepultum.Italy is witness again and again, which, when it was hard pressed by the foul and dangerous slave war, sought help from him while he was far away; and that war was weakened and diminished by the expectation of him, and ended and buried by his arrival.

Man. 11.31Testēs nunc vērō iam omnēs ōrae atque omnēs terrae gentēs nātiōnēs, maria dēnique omnia cum ūniversa tum in singulīs ōrīs omnēs sinūs atque portūs.Witnesses now indeed are all coasts and all lands, peoples and nations, and finally all seas, both as a whole and, on each coast, every bay and harbour. Man. 11.31Quis enim tōtō marī locus per hōs annōs aut tam firmum habuit praesidium ut tūtus esset, aut tam fuit abditus ut latēret?For what place on the whole sea in these years had either so strong a garrison as to be safe, or was so hidden as to escape notice? Man. 11.31Quis nāvigāvit quī nōn sē aut mortis aut servitūtis perīculō committeret, cum aut hieme aut refertō praedōnum marī nāvigāret?Who set sail without exposing himself to the risk of death or slavery, since he sailed either in winter or on a sea crammed with pirates? Man. 11.31Hoc tantum bellum, tam turpe, tam vetus, tam lātē dīvīsum atque dispersum quis umquam arbitrārētur aut ab omnibus imperātōribus ūnō annō aut omnibus annīs ab ūnō imperātōre cōnficī posse?This war, so great, so shameful, so long-standing, so widely spread and scattered, who would ever have thought could be finished either by all our commanders in one year or by one commander in all the years?

Man. 11.32Quam prōvinciam tenuistis ā praedōnibus līberam per hōsce annōs?What province have you kept free from pirates during these years? Man. 11.32quod vectīgal vōbīs tūtum fuit?what revenue has been safe for you? Man. 11.32quem socium dēfendistis?what ally have you defended? Man. 11.32cui praesidiō classibus vestrīs fuistis?whom have you protected with your fleets? Man. 11.32quam multās exīstimātis īnsulās esse dēsertās, quam multās aut metū relictās aut ā praedōnibus captās urbīs esse sociōrum?how many islands do you think have been deserted, how many cities of the allies either abandoned through fear or captured by pirates?

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×3, indirect statement ×5

Latin vocabulary for this passage (148 words)
iam, adv.now, already
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
pār, parisequal
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
vōsplur. of tū
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
inaudītus, -a, -umunheard of, new, strange
adferō, adferre, attulī, adlātusbear to, bring
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
enim, conj.for
sōlus, -a, -umalone
imperātōrius, -a, -umof a commander, of the general
vulgō (adv.)everywhere, commonly
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
fortitūdō, -inis f.bravery
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
industria, -ae f.diligence, hard work
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
celeritās, -tātis, f.swiftness, quickness, speed
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsumforesee; provide for
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
omnis, -eall, every
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
nōn, adv.not
testis, -is m./f.witness
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
subsidium, -ī, n.reserve, reinforcement, support, help
cōnfiteor, -ērī, -fessus sumadmit, confess
līberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset free, free, liberate, release
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
undique, adv.from or on all sides
cingō, cingere, cinxī, cinctussurround, gird
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
bellum, -ī, n.war
sed, conj.but
explicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusunfold, spread out; set out, explain
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
redundō, -āre, -āvīoverflow, spill over (onto); recoil (on)
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
noster, -tra, -trumour
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
interneciō, -ōnis f.slaughter, annihilation
patefaciō, -facere, -fēcī, -factusthrow, or lay open, open
saepe, adv.often, frequently
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
prōsternō, -sternere, -strāvī, -strātusstrew or spread before, throw or knock down
que, enclitic conj.and
cōnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectusbehold, perceive, see
iterum, adv.again, a second time
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
servīlis, -eof slaves (servīlis tumultus: slave revolt)
taeter, -tra, -trumfoul, hideous, loathsome
perīculōsus, -a, -umdangerous
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
expetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītusseek eagerly, desire
exspectātiō, -ōnis f.waiting, expectation
attenuō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake thin, weaken, wear away
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
imminuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtuslessen, diminish; passive: go down
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
sepeliō, sepelīre, sepelīvī, sepultusbury
nunc, adv.now
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
nātiō, -ōnis f.people, nation; birth
mare, maris, n.sea
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
ūniversus, -a, -umall together, whole, entire, all
tum, adv.then, at that time
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
sinus, -ūs, m.bosom, lap
portus, -ūs, m.harbor, haven, port
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
annus, -ī, m.year
tam, adv.so
firmus, -a, -umstrong, steadfast
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
abditus, -a, -umhidden, concealed
lateō, -ēre, -uīlie hid, be concealed
nāvigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussail
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
mors, mortīs, f.death
servitūs, -tūtis, f.slavery, servitude
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
hiems, hiemis f.winter
refertus, -a, -umcrammed, stuffed, filled (with: abl.)
praedō, -ōnis m.robber, pirate
turpis, -edisgraceful
vetus, veterisold, former
lātēwidely
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
dispergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersumscatter
umquam, adv.ever
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
līber, lībera, līberumfree
vectīgal, -ālis n.tax, revenue
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
classis, -is f.fleet
vester, -tra, -trumyour
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
īnsula, -ae, f.island
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
urbs, urbis, f.city
Cicero, De Imperio Cn. Pompei. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.