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Cicero · De Imperio Cn. Pompei

De Imperio Cn. Pompei 10

Pompey's knowledge of warfare

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Man. 10.1Satis multa mihi verba fēcisse videor quā rē esset hoc bellum genere ipsō necessārium, magnitūdine perīculōsum.I think I have said enough about why this war is by its very nature necessary and by its scale dangerous. Man. 10.1Restat ut dē imperātōre ad id bellum dēligendō ac tantīs rēbus praeficiendō dīcendum esse videātur.It remains, it seems, to speak about choosing a commander for that war and putting him in charge of such great affairs. Man. 10.1Vtinam, Quirītēs, virōrum fortium atque innocentium cōpiam tantam habērētis ut haec vōbīs dēlīberātiō difficilis esset quemnam potissimum tantīs rēbus ac tantō bellō praeficiendum putārētis!I wish, citizens, that you had so great a supply of brave and upright men that this deliberation would be difficult for you, whom above all you thought should be put in charge of such great affairs and so great a war! Man. 10.1Nunc vērō cum sit ūnus Pompeius quī nōn modo eōrum hominum quī nunc sunt glōriam sed etiam antīquitātis memoriam virtūte superārit, quae rēs est quae cuiusquam animum in hāc causā dubium facere possit?But as things are, since Pompey is the one man who has surpassed in merit not only the glory of the men of today but even the memory of antiquity, what is there that could make anyone's mind doubtful in this case?

Man. 10.28Ego enim sīc exīstimō, in summō imperātōre quattuor hās rēs īnesse oportēre, scientiam reī mīlitāris, virtūtem, auctōritātem, fēlīcitātem.For my view is this, that a supreme commander ought to possess these four qualities: knowledge of warfare, ability, authority and good fortune. Man. 10.28Quis igitur hōc homine scientior umquam aut fuit aut esse dēbuit?Who, then, has ever been, or ought to have been, more knowledgeable than this man? Man. 10.28quī ē lūdō atque ē pueritiae disciplīnīs bellō maximō atque ācerrimīs hostibus ad patris exercitum atque in mīlitiae disciplīnam profectus est, quī extrēmā pueritiā mīles in exercitū summī fuit imperātōris, ineunte adulēscentiā maximī ipse exercitūs imperātor, quī saepius cum hoste cōnflīxit quam quisquam cum inimīcō concertāvit, plūra bella gessit quam cēterī lēgērunt, plūrīs prōvinciās cōnfēcit quam aliī concupīvērunt, cuius adulēscentia ad scientiam reī mīlitāris nōn aliēnīs praeceptīs sed suīs imperiīs, nōn offēnsiōnibus bellī sed victōriīs, nōn stīpendiīs sed triumphīs est ērudīta.He went from school and the training of boyhood, in a very great war and against the fiercest enemies, to his father's army and to the discipline of military service; at the very end of boyhood he was a soldier in the army of a supreme commander, and at the start of manhood was himself commander of a very great army; he has clashed with the enemy more often than anyone has quarrelled with a personal opponent, has waged more wars than others have read of, has subdued more provinces than others have coveted; his youth was trained in the knowledge of warfare not by the precepts of others but by his own commands, not by defeats in war but by victories, not by campaigns but by triumphs.

Man. 10.28Quod dēnique genus esse bellī potest in quō illum nōn exercuerit fortūna reī pūblicae?What kind of war, in short, can there be in which the fortune of the state has not exercised him? Man. 10.28Cīvīle, Āfricānum, Trānsalpīnum, Hispāniēnse mīxtum ex cīvibus atque ex bellicōsissimīs nātiōnibus, servīle, nāvāle bellum, varia et dīversa genera et bellōrum et hostium nōn sōlum gesta ab hōc ūnō sed etiam cōnfecta nūllam rem esse dēclārant in ūsū positam mīlitārī quae huius virī scientiam fugere possit.Civil war, African, Transalpine, Spanish — a mixture of citizens and the most warlike nations — the slave war, the naval war: these varied and different kinds both of wars and of enemies, not only waged by this one man but also brought to an end, declare that there is nothing within military experience that could escape this man's knowledge.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×4, purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×2, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (141 words)
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
verbum, -ī, n.word
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
bellum, -ī, n.war
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m.necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative
magnitūdō, -tūdinis, f.greatness, size
perīculōsus, -a, -umdangerous
restō, -āre, restitīstay behind, remain
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
dēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctuschoose out, choose, select
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
praeficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumput in charge of
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
utinam (adv.)if only, would that (with subjunctive)
Quirītēs, -ium m. pl.Quirites, the Roman citizens in their civil capacity (used in addressing the people)
vir, virī, m.man
fortis, -ebrave
innocēns, -entisharmless; innocent
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
vōsplur. of tū
dēlīberātiō, -ōnis f.weighing up, deliberation
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
quisnam, quaenam, quidnam, interrog. pron.who, which, or what, pray? who? which? what?
potissimum (adv.)above all, in preference to all others
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
nunc, adv.now
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nōn, adv.not
modo, adv.only
homō, hominis, m.man
glōria, -ae, f.glory
sed, conj.but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
antīquitās, -ātis f.antiquity, age; long descent
memoria, -ae, f.memory
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
dubius, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
enim, conj.for
sīc, adv.so, thus
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
īnsum, inesse, īnfuībe in, be present in (dat.)
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
scientia, -ae, f.knowledge, skill
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
fēlīcitās, -ātis f.good fortune, luck
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
igitur, conj.therefore
sciēns, -entisknowing, aware; skilled, expert in (+ gen.)
umquam, adv.ever
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
lūdus, -ī, m.game, sport
pueritia, -ae, f.boyhood
disciplīna, -ae f.training, discipline
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
pater, patris, m.father
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
adulēscentia, -ae, f.youth
saepe, adv.often, frequently
cum, prep, with abl.with
cōnflīgō, -flīgere, -flīxī, -flīctusdash together
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
concertō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight, contend
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
concupīscō, -cupīscere, -cupīvī, -cupītuslong for, covet
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
praeceptum, -ī n.instruction, order
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
offēnsiō, -ōnis f.offence, hurt feelings
victōria, -ae, f.victory
stīpendium, -ī, n.tax, tribute
triumphus, -ī m.triumph, a victorious general's procession
ērudiō, -rudīre, -rudīvī, -rudītusinstruct
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
cīvīlis, -eof citizens; bellum cīvīle: civil war
Āfricānus, -a, -umof Africa, African (bellum Āfricānum: Caesar's war in Africa against the Pompeians, 46 BC)
Trānsalpīnus, -a, -umbeyond the Alps, Transalpine
Hispāniēnsis, -eof Spain, in Spain, Spanish
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
bellicōsus, -a, -umwar-like
nātiō, -ōnis f.people, nation; birth
servīlis, -eof slaves (servīlis tumultus: slave revolt)
nāvālis, -enaval, of ships
varius, -a, -umvarious
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
dēclārō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake clear, declare
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
Cicero, De Imperio Cn. Pompei. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.