Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 2
De Bello Gallico 2.15
The Nervii
Caesar, De Bello Gallico II. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō2.15.1Caesar honōris Dīviciācī atque Haeduōrum causā sēsē eōs in fidem receptūrum et cōnservātūrum dīxit, et quod erat cīvitās magnā inter Belgās auctōritāte atque hominum multitūdine praestābat, DC obsidēs poposcit.
Caesar said that out of respect for Diviciacus and the Haedui he would take them under his protection and spare them, but because the state had great influence among the Belgae and was the largest in population, he demanded six hundred hostages.
Note. receptūrum et cōnservātūrum: future infinitives with esse left out.
2.15.2Hīs trāditīs omnibusque armīs ex oppidō conlātīs, ab eō locō in fīnēs Ambiānōrum pervēnit;
When these had been handed over and all the weapons collected from the town, he went from there into the territory of the Ambiani,
2.15.2quī sē suaque omnia sine morā dēdidērunt.
who surrendered themselves and all they had without delay.
2.15.3Eōrum fīnēs Nerviī attingēbant.
Their territory bordered on that of the Nervii.
2.15.3Quōrum dē nātūrā mōribusque Caesar cum quaereret, sīc reperiēbat: nūllum esse aditum ad eōs mercātōribus;
When Caesar asked about their character and customs, he learned the following: traders had no access to them;
2.15.4nihil patī vīnī reliquārumque rērum ad luxuriam pertinentium īnferrī, quod hīs rēbus relanguēscere animōs eōrum et remittī virtūtem exīstimārent;
they allowed no wine or other things that lead to luxury to be brought in, because they thought these weakened their spirits and slackened their courage;
Note. nihil patī vīnī … īnferrī: 'they allowed nothing of wine to be brought in'; vīnī is a partitive genitive with nihil.
2.15.5esse hominēs ferōs magnaeque virtūtis;
they were fierce men of great courage;
2.15.5increpitāre atque incūsāre reliquōs Belgās, quī sē populō Rōmānō dēdidissent patriamque virtūtem prōiēcissent;
they taunted and blamed the rest of the Belgae, who had surrendered to the Roman people and thrown away the courage of their fathers;
2.15.6cōnfirmāre sēsē neque lēgātōs missūrōs neque ūllam condiciōnem pācis acceptūrōs.
they declared that they would neither send envoys nor accept any terms of peace.
Vocabulary
| honor, -ōris, m. | honor |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| fidēs, -eī f. | faith, trust; pledge |
| recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| cōnservō, -servāre, -servāvī, -servātus | preserve, keep |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| auctōritās, -tātis f. | influence, authority, prestige |
| homō, hominis, m. | man |
| multitūdō, -tūdinis, f. | multitude |
| praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitus | stand in front; show |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| obses, obsidis m./f. | hostage |
| poscō, poscere, poposcī | ask, demand |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | give across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| arma, -ōrum, n. plur. | arms, weapons |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| oppidum, -ī, n. | town |
| cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātus | bring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| fīnis, -is, m. | end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country |
| perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come through, come, arrive, reach |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| sine, prep. with abl. | without |
| mora, -ae, f. | delay |
| dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | give away or up |
| attingō, -tingere, -tigī, -tāctus | touch at |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| nātūra, -ae, f. | nature, character |
| mōs, mōris, m. | way, manner, habit, custom |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītus | seek; ask, inquire |
| sīc, adv. | so, thus |
| reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertus | find, discover |
| nūllus, -a, -um | not any, none, no |
| aditus, -ūs, m. | approach, entrance |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| mercātor, -ōris, m. | trader, merchant |
| nihil, n., indecl. | nothing |
| patior, patī, passus, bear | suffer, allow |
| vīnum, -ī, n. | wine |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| luxuria, -ae f. | luxury |
| pertineō, -ēre, -uī | extend, reach; tend toward, concern |
| īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātus | bring in or against, wage against; inflict |
| relanguēscō, -ere, -languī | grow weak, slacken |
| animus, -ī, m. | mind; heart; spirit, courage |
| remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum | send back; give up, remit |
| virtūs, -tūtis, f. | manliness, courage, bravery |
| exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | consider, believe, think |
| ferus, -a, -um | wild, savage |
| increpitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | taunt, reproach |
| incūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | blame, rebuke |
| populus, -ī m. | people, nation |
| Rōmānus, -a, -um | Roman |
| patrius, -a, -um | of one's fathers, ancestral |
| prōiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus | throw forth or down, cast away, throw |
| cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātus | strengthen, establish; declare, assert |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| ūllus, -a, -um | any |
| condiciō, -ōnis f. | terms; condition, status |
| pāx, pācis f. | peace |
| accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer |