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De Bello Gallico 2.15

The Nervii

Caesar, De Bello Gallico II. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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2.15.1Caesar honōris Dīviciācī atque Haeduōrum causā sēsē eōs in fidem receptūrum et cōnservātūrum dīxit, et quod erat cīvitās magnā inter Belgās auctōritāte atque hominum multitūdine praestābat, DC obsidēs poposcit.

Caesar said that out of respect for Diviciacus and the Haedui he would take them under his protection and spare them, but because the state had great influence among the Belgae and was the largest in population, he demanded six hundred hostages.

Note. receptūrum et cōnservātūrum: future infinitives with esse left out.

2.15.2Hīs trāditīs omnibusque armīs ex oppidō conlātīs, ab eō locō in fīnēs Ambiānōrum pervēnit;

When these had been handed over and all the weapons collected from the town, he went from there into the territory of the Ambiani,

2.15.2quī sē suaque omnia sine morā dēdidērunt.

who surrendered themselves and all they had without delay.

2.15.3Eōrum fīnēs Nerviī attingēbant.

Their territory bordered on that of the Nervii.

2.15.3Quōrum dē nātūrā mōribusque Caesar cum quaereret, sīc reperiēbat: nūllum esse aditum ad eōs mercātōribus;

When Caesar asked about their character and customs, he learned the following: traders had no access to them;

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2.15.4nihil patī vīnī reliquārumque rērum ad luxuriam pertinentium īnferrī, quod hīs rēbus relanguēscere animōs eōrum et remittī virtūtem exīstimārent;

they allowed no wine or other things that lead to luxury to be brought in, because they thought these weakened their spirits and slackened their courage;

Note. nihil patī vīnī … īnferrī: 'they allowed nothing of wine to be brought in'; vīnī is a partitive genitive with nihil.

2.15.5esse hominēs ferōs magnaeque virtūtis;

they were fierce men of great courage;

2.15.5increpitāre atque incūsāre reliquōs Belgās, quī sē populō Rōmānō dēdidissent patriamque virtūtem prōiēcissent;

they taunted and blamed the rest of the Belgae, who had surrendered to the Roman people and thrown away the courage of their fathers;

2.15.6cōnfirmāre sēsē neque lēgātōs missūrōs neque ūllam condiciōnem pācis acceptūrōs.

they declared that they would neither send envoys nor accept any terms of peace.

Vocabulary

honor, -ōris, m.honor
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cōnservō, -servāre, -servāvī, -servātuspreserve, keep
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
quod, conj.that, in that, because
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
homō, hominis, m.man
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
Roman numerala number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000
obses, obsidis m./f.hostage
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
omnis, -eall, every
que, enclitic conj.and
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
oppidum, -ī, n.town
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sine, prep. with abl.without
mora, -ae, f.delay
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
attingō, -tingere, -tigī, -tāctustouch at
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
sīc, adv.so, thus
reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertusfind, discover
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
aditus, -ūs, m.approach, entrance
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
mercātor, -ōris, m.trader, merchant
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
vīnum, -ī, n.wine
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
luxuria, -ae f.luxury
pertineō, -ēre, -uīextend, reach; tend toward, concern
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
relanguēscō, -ere, -languīgrow weak, slacken
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend back; give up, remit
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
ferus, -a, -umwild, savage
increpitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtaunt, reproach
incūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, rebuke
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
patrius, -a, -umof one's fathers, ancestral
prōiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow forth or down, cast away, throw
cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātusstrengthen, establish; declare, assert
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
ūllus, -a, -umany
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
pāx, pācis f.peace
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico II. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.