Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 2
De Bello Gallico 2.16
The Nervii wait at the Sambre
Caesar, De Bello Gallico II. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō2.16.1Cum per eōrum fīnēs trīduum iter fēcisset, inveniēbat ex captīvīs Sabim flūmen ā castrīs suīs nōn amplius mīlibus passuum X abesse;
When he had marched through their territory for three days, he learned from prisoners that the river Sambre was no more than ten miles from his camp;
Note. trīduum iter fēcisset: trīduum is an accusative of time, 'for three days'.
2.16.2trāns id flūmen omnēs Nerviōs cōnsēdisse adventumque ibi Rōmānōrum expectāre ūnā cum Atrebatibus et Viromanduīs, fīnitimīs suīs (nam hīs utrīsque persuāserant utī eandem bellī fortūnam experīrentur);
that all the Nervii had taken up position across that river and were waiting there for the Romans to arrive, together with the Atrebates and Viromandui, their neighbours (for they had persuaded both of these to try the same fortune of war);
2.16.4expectārī etiam ab iīs Atuatucōrum cōpiās atque esse in itinere;
that the forces of the Atuatuci were also expected by them and were on the way;
2.16.5mulierēs quīque per aetātem ad pugnam inūtilēs vidērentur in eum locum coniēcisse quō propter palūdēs exercituī aditus nōn esset.
and that they had put their women and those who seemed too old or too young to fight into a place which an army could not reach because of the marshes.
Note. quīque = et quī, 'and those who'. quō … aditus nōn esset: a relative clause of characteristic, 'a place to which there was no access'.
Vocabulary
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| fīnis, -is, m. | end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country |
| trīduum, -ī n. | three days |
| iter, itineris, n. | a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come upon, find |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| captīvus, -a, -um | captive |
| flūmen, -minis, n. | river |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| amplius (adv.) | more, further |
| mīlle, indecl. adj. | a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands; |
| passus, -ūs, m. | pace (mīlia passuum: miles) |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus | be away, be absent, be distant; be wanting |
| trāns, prep. with acc. | across, over |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessus | sit down |
| adventus, -ūs, m. | approach, arrival |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| ibi, adv. | in that place, there |
| Rōmānus, -a, -um | Roman |
| exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātus | look out for, wait for, await, expect; wait |
| ūnā | together, along |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| fīnitimus, -a, -um | neighboring, adjoining |
| nam, conj. | for |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| uterque, utraque, utrumque | each, either, both |
| persuādeō, -suādēre, -suāsi, -suāsus | persuade, prevail upon, induce |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| fortūna, -ae, f. | fortune |
| experior, -īrī, expertus sum | try, test, experience |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| mulier, mulieris, f. | woman |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| aetās, -tātis, f. | age |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| pugna, -ae, f. | fighting, battle, combat |
| inūtilis, -e | not useful, useless |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus | throw together; throw, cast, hurl |
| quō, adv. | to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long? |
| propter, prep. with acc. | on account of, because of |
| palūs, -ūdis, f. | swamp, marsh |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| aditus, -ūs, m. | approach, entrance |