Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 1
De Bello Gallico 1.27
Surrender
Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō1.27.1Helvētiī omnium rērum inopiā adductī lēgātōs dē dēditiōne ad eum mīsērunt.
The Helvetii, driven by lack of everything, sent envoys to him about surrender.
1.27.2Quī cum eum in itinere convēnissent sēque ad pedēs prōiēcissent suppliciterque locūtī flentēs pācem petīssent, atque eōs in eō locō quō tum essent suum adventum expectāre iussisset, pāruērunt.
When these had met him on the march, thrown themselves at his feet, spoken humbly and begged for peace in tears, and he had ordered them to wait for his arrival where they were then, they obeyed.
1.27.3Eō postquam Caesar pervēnit, obsidēs, arma, servōs quī ad eōs perfūgissent, poposcit.
When Caesar arrived there, he demanded hostages, weapons, and the slaves who had fled to them.
1.27.4Dum ea conquīruntur et cōnferuntur, nocte intermissā circiter hominum mīlia VI eius pāgī quī Verbigenus appellātur, sīve timōre perterritī, nē armīs trāditīs suppliciō adficerentur, sīve spē salūtis inductī, quod in tantā multitūdine dēditīciōrum suam fugam aut occultārī aut omnīnō ignōrārī posse exīstimārent, prīmā nocte ē castrīs Helvētiōrum ēgressī ad Rhēnum fīnēsque Germānōrum contendērunt.
While these were being searched out and collected, after nightfall about six thousand men of the canton called Verbigenus, either terrified that they would be put to death once their weapons were handed over, or led on by hope of escape, because they thought that among so great a number of people surrendering their flight could be hidden or go entirely unnoticed, left the camp of the Helvetii at the start of the night and hurried to the Rhine and the territory of the Germans.
Vocabulary
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| inopia, -ae f. | lack, want, scarcity |
| addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead to, bring, take; induce, influence |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| dēditiō, -ōnis f. | surrender |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| iter, itineris, n. | a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march |
| conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come together, assemble |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| pēs, pedis, m. | foot |
| prōiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus | throw forth or down, cast away, throw |
| suppliciter (adv.) | humbly, as suppliants |
| loquor, loquī, locūtus | speak |
| fleō, -ēre, flēvī, flētum | weep |
| pāx, pācis f. | peace |
| petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus | seek, ask; attack |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| tum, adv. | then, at that time |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| adventus, -ūs, m. | approach, arrival |
| exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātus | look out for, wait for, await, expect; wait |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| pāreō, -ēre, -uī | obey |
| eō (adv.) | to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more) |
| postquam, conj. | later than, after, when |
| perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come through, come, arrive, reach |
| obses, obsidis m./f. | hostage |
| arma, -ōrum, n. plur. | arms, weapons |
| servus, -ī, m. | slave, servant |
| perfugiō, -ere, -fūgī | flee for refuge, desert |
| poscō, poscere, poposcī | ask, demand |
| dum, conj. | while, as; as long as; until |
| conquīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītum | search out, hunt down |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātus | bring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way |
| nox, noctis, f. | night |
| intermittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | leave off, interrupt; let pass; pass., be left between, intervene, elapse |
| circiter, prep. with acc. and adv. | about |
| homō, hominis, m. | man |
| mīlle, indecl. adj. | a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands; |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| pāgus, -ī m. | district, canton |
| appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātus | call, name |
| sīve or seu, conj. | or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or |
| timor, -ōris, m. | fear |
| perterreō, -terrēre, -terrui, -territus | thoroughly frighten, terrify |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | give across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report |
| supplicium, -ī, n. | punishment, torture |
| afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum | affect, afflict |
| spēs, speī, f. | hope |
| salūs, salūtis, f. | safety, deliverance, escape |
| indūcō, -dūcere, dūxī, -ductus | lead in or on, move, excite |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| multitūdō, -tūdinis, f. | multitude |
| dēditīcius, -ī m. | one who has surrendered |
| fuga, -ae, f. | flight |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| occultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | hide, conceal |
| omnīnō, adv. | altogether, wholly, entirely |
| ignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | be ignorant of |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | consider, believe, think |
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| ēgredior, -gredī, -gressus | go out or forth, go ashore, disembark |
| fīnis, -is, m. | end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country |
| contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch, hasten |