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De Bello Gallico 1.27

Surrender

Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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1.27.1Helvētiī omnium rērum inopiā adductī lēgātōs dē dēditiōne ad eum mīsērunt.

The Helvetii, driven by lack of everything, sent envoys to him about surrender.

1.27.2Quī cum eum in itinere convēnissent sēque ad pedēs prōiēcissent suppliciterque locūtī flentēs pācem petīssent, atque eōs in eō locō quō tum essent suum adventum expectāre iussisset, pāruērunt.

When these had met him on the march, thrown themselves at his feet, spoken humbly and begged for peace in tears, and he had ordered them to wait for his arrival where they were then, they obeyed.

1.27.3Eō postquam Caesar pervēnit, obsidēs, arma, servōs quī ad eōs perfūgissent, poposcit.

When Caesar arrived there, he demanded hostages, weapons, and the slaves who had fled to them.

1.27.4Dum ea conquīruntur et cōnferuntur, nocte intermissā circiter hominum mīlia VI eius pāgī quī Verbigenus appellātur, sīve timōre perterritī, nē armīs trāditīs suppliciō adficerentur, sīve spē salūtis inductī, quod in tantā multitūdine dēditīciōrum suam fugam aut occultārī aut omnīnō ignōrārī posse exīstimārent, prīmā nocte ē castrīs Helvētiōrum ēgressī ad Rhēnum fīnēsque Germānōrum contendērunt.

While these were being searched out and collected, after nightfall about six thousand men of the canton called Verbigenus, either terrified that they would be put to death once their weapons were handed over, or led on by hope of escape, because they thought that among so great a number of people surrendering their flight could be hidden or go entirely unnoticed, left the camp of the Helvetii at the start of the night and hurried to the Rhine and the territory of the Germans.

Vocabulary

omnis, -eall, every
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
inopia, -ae f.lack, want, scarcity
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
dēditiō, -ōnis f.surrender
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
que, enclitic conj.and
pēs, pedis, m.foot
prōiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow forth or down, cast away, throw
suppliciter (adv.)humbly, as suppliants
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
fleō, -ēre, flēvī, flētumweep
pāx, pācis f.peace
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
tum, adv.then, at that time
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
pāreō, -ēre, -uīobey
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
obses, obsidis m./f.hostage
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
perfugiō, -ere, -fūgīflee for refuge, desert
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
conquīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītumsearch out, hunt down
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
nox, noctis, f.night
intermittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missusleave off, interrupt; let pass; pass., be left between, intervene, elapse
circiter, prep. with acc. and adv.about
homō, hominis, m.man
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
Roman numerala number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000
pāgus, -ī m.district, canton
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
timor, -ōris, m.fear
perterreō, -terrēre, -terrui, -territusthoroughly frighten, terrify
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
supplicium, -ī, n.punishment, torture
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaffect, afflict
spēs, speī, f.hope
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
indūcō, -dūcere, dūxī, -ductuslead in or on, move, excite
quod, conj.that, in that, because
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
dēditīcius, -ī m.one who has surrendered
fuga, -ae, f.flight
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
occultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumhide, conceal
omnīnō, adv.altogether, wholly, entirely
ignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe ignorant of
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
ēgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo out or forth, go ashore, disembark
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.