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De Bello Gallico 1.26

The fight at the wagons

Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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1.26.1Ita ancipitī proeliō diū atque ācriter pugnātum est.

So the fighting went on long and fiercely on two fronts.

Note. pugnātum est: impersonal passive, 'there was fighting'.

1.26.1Diūtius cum sustinēre nostrōrum impetūs nōn possent, alterī sē, ut coeperant, in montem recēpērunt, alterī ad impedīmenta et carrōs suōs sē contulērunt.

When they could no longer withstand our men's attacks, one group withdrew to the hill, as they had begun to, the other to their baggage and wagons.

Note. alterī … alterī: 'some … others'.

1.26.2Nam hōc tōtō proeliō, cum ab hōrā septimā ad vesperum pugnātum sit, āversum hostem vidēre nēmō potuit.

For in this whole battle, though it was fought from the seventh hour until evening, no one could see an enemy turn his back.

1.26.3Ad multam noctem etiam ad impedīmenta pugnātum est, proptereā quod prō vallō carrōs obiēcērunt et ē locō superiōre in nostrōs venientēs tēla coiciēbant et nōn nūllī inter carrōs rotāsque matarās ac tragulās subiciēbant nostrōsque vulnerābant.

Fighting went on at the baggage too until late at night, because they had set the wagons in front as a rampart and from higher ground hurled weapons at our men as they came on, and some thrust javelins and spears from between the wagons and wheels and wounded our men.

1.26.4Diū cum esset pugnātum, impedīmentīs castrīsque nostrī potītī sunt.

After long fighting, our men took the baggage and the camp.

1.26.4Ibi Orgetorīgis fīlia atque ūnus ē fīliīs captus est.

There the daughter of Orgetorix and one of his sons were captured.

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1.26.5Ex eō proeliō circiter hominum mīlia CXXX superfuērunt eāque tōtā nocte continenter iērunt nūllam partem noctis itinere intermissō;

About 130,000 people survived that battle, and they marched without stopping that whole night, not breaking their march for any part of the night;

1.26.5in fīnēs Lingonum diē quārtō pervēnērunt, cum et propter vulnera mīlitum et propter sepultūram occīsōrum nostrī trīduum morātī eōs sequī nōn potuissent.

on the fourth day they reached the territory of the Lingones, since our men, delayed for three days by the soldiers' wounds and the burial of the dead, had not been able to follow them.

1.26.6Caesar ad Lingonas litterās nūntiōsque mīsit, nē eōs frūmentō nēve aliā rē iuvārent: quī sī iūvissent, sē eōdem locō quō Helvētiōs habitūrum.

Caesar sent letters and messengers to the Lingones telling them not to help the Helvetii with grain or anything else: if they did help them, he would treat them the same as the Helvetii.

Note. nē … neve: 'not … nor'. eōdem locō quō Helvētiōs: 'in the same position as the Helvetii', that is, as enemies.

1.26.6Ipse trīduō intermissō cum omnibus cōpiīs eōs sequī coepit.

He himself, after a wait of three days, began to follow them with all his forces.

Vocabulary

ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
anceps, ancipitistwo-sided, on two fronts; doubtful
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
noster, -tra, -trumour
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
mōns, montis, m.mountain
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
impedīmentum, -ī n.hindrance; (pl.) baggage
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
carrus, -ī m.wagon, cart
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
nam, conj.for
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
hōra, -ae, f.hour
septimus, -a, -umseventh
vesper, vesperī, m.evening
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
nox, noctis, f.night
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
proptereāfor this reason; proptereā quod: because
quod, conj.that, in that, because
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
coiciō, -ere, coiēcī, coiectumthrow, hurl
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
rota, -ae f.wheel
que, enclitic conj.and
matara, -ae f.Gallic javelin
tragula, -ae f.javelin (a Gallic throwing spear)
subiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow or place under
vulnerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswound
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
potior, -īrī, -ītusbecome master of, get possession of
ibi, adv.in that place, there
fīlia, -ae, f.daughter
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
fīlius, -ī, m.son
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
circiter, prep. with acc. and adv.about
homō, hominis, m.man
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
Roman numerala number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
continentercontinually, without a break
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
intermittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missusleave off, interrupt; let pass; pass., be left between, intervene, elapse
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
quartus, -a, -umfourth
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
sepultūra, -ae, f.burial
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
trīduum, -ī n.three days
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
frūmentum, -ī, n.grain
nēve or neu, conj.and that not, and not, nor
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtumhelp
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
sī, conj.if
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
cum, prep, with abl.with
omnis, -eall, every
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.