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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 4.453–493

Orpheus and Eurydice

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Georg. 4.453"Nōn tē nūllīus exercent nūminis īrae;'It is the wrath of some god that harasses you; Georg. 4.454magna luis commissa: tibi hās miserābilis Orpheus
455haudquāquam ob meritum poenās, nī fāta resistant,
suscitat et raptā graviter prō coniuge saevit.
you are paying for a great crime: it is pitiable Orpheus who stirs up these punishments against you, by no means as you deserve, unless the fates oppose, and rages bitterly for his stolen wife.
Georg. 4.457Illa quidem, dum tē fugeret per flūmina praeceps,
immānem ante pedēs hydrum moritūra puella
servantem rīpās altā nōn vīdit in herbā.
She indeed, while she fled you headlong along the river, a girl doomed to die, did not see at her feet a monstrous water-snake guarding the banks in the deep grass.
Georg. 4.460At chorus aequālis Dryadum clamōre suprēmōs
implērunt montēs;
But the band of Dryads, her companions, filled the mountain-tops with their cry;
Georg. 4.461flērunt Rhodopēiae arcēs
altaque Pangaea et Rhēsī māvortia tellūs
atque Getae atque Hebrus et Actias Ōrīthyia.
the heights of Rhodope wept, and lofty Pangaea, and the warlike land of Rhesus, and the Getae and Hebrus and Attic Orithyia.

Georg. 4.464Ipse cavā sōlāns aegrum testūdine amōrem
465tē, dulcis coniūnx, tē sōlō in lītore sēcum,
tē veniente diē, tē dēcēdente canēbat.
He himself, soothing his love-sick heart with the hollow lyre, sang of you, sweet wife, of you alone with himself on the lonely shore, of you as day came, of you as it departed.
Georg. 4.467Taenariās etiam faucēs, alta ōstia Dītis,
et cālīgantem nigrā formīdine lūcum
ingressus mānēsque adiit rēgemque tremendum
470nesciaque hūmānīs precibus mānsuēscere corda.
He entered even the jaws of Taenarus, the deep gateway of Dis, and the grove dark with black dread, and approached the shades and their fearful king and hearts that do not know how to soften at human prayers.
Georg. 4.471At cantū commōtae Erebī dē sēdibus īmīs
umbrae ībant tenuēs simulācraque lūce carentum,
quam multa in foliīs avium sē mīlia condunt
vesper ubi aut hībernus agit dē montibus imber,
475mātrēs atque virī dēfūnctaque corpora vītā
magnanimum hērōum, puerī innūptaeque puellae,
impositīque rogīs iuvenēs ante ōra parentum,
quōs circum līmus niger et dēfōrmis harundō
Cōcȳtī tardaque palūs inamābilis undā
480alligat et noviēns Styx interfūsa coercet.
But stirred by his song, from the lowest abodes of Erebus came the thin shades and phantoms of those who lack the light, as many as the thousands of birds that hide among the leaves when evening or a winter rain drives them from the mountains: mothers and men and the bodies of great-hearted heroes done with life, boys and unwed girls, and young men laid on the pyre before their parents' eyes; around them the black mud and unsightly reeds of Cocytus and the unlovely marsh with its sluggish water bind them, and Styx, flowing between nine times, confines them.

Georg. 4.481Quīn ipsae stupuēre domus atque intima Lētī
tartara caeruleōsque implexae crīnibus anguēs
Eumenidēs, tenuitque inhiāns tria Cerberus ōra
atque Ixīoniī ventō rota cōnstitit orbis.
Why, the very halls of Death and inmost Tartarus were spellbound, and the Furies with dark-blue snakes twined in their hair, and Cerberus held his three mouths agape, and the wheel of Ixion stood still in the wind.
Georg. 4.485Iamque pedem referēns cāsūs ēvāserat omnēs;And now, retracing his steps, he had escaped every mishap; Georg. 4.486redditaque Eurydicē superās veniēbat ad aurās,
pōne sequēns, namque hanc dederat Prōserpina lēgem,
cum subitā incautum dēmentia cēpit amantem,
ignōscenda quidem, scīrent sī ignōscere mānēs.
and Eurydice, given back, was coming to the upper air, following behind (for Proserpina had laid down this condition), when a sudden madness seized the unwary lover, one to be forgiven indeed, if the shades knew how to forgive.
Georg. 4.490Restitit Eurydicēnque suam iam lūce sub ipsā
immemor heu!
He stopped, and on his Eurydice, now at the very edge of the light, forgetful, alas!
Georg. 4.491victusque animī respexit.and overcome in mind, he looked back.

Georg. 4.491Ibi omnis
effūsus labor atque immītis rupta tyrannī
foedera, terque fragor stagnīs audītus Avernīs.
There all his labour was poured away, and the pact of the pitiless tyrant broken, and three times a crash was heard over the pools of Avernus.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×2, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (201 words)
nōn, adv.not
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
nūmen, -inis n.divine power, divinity
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
luō, -ere, luīpay; atone for, expiate
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
miserābilis, -epitiable, wretched
haudquāquam, adv.in no wise, not at all
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
meritum, -ī n.service, desert
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
fātum, -ī, n.destiny, fate
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
suscitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusraise up, rouse; raise (the dead)
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
coniūnx, coniugis, m. and f.spouse, husband, wife
saeviō, -īre, -iī, -ītumrage
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
flūmen, -minis, n.river
praeceps, -cipitisheadlong
immānis, -ehuge, enormous; savage
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
pēs, pedis, m.foot
hydrus, -ī m.water-snake
morior, morī, mortuusdie
puella, -ae, f.girl, maiden
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
at, conj.but
chorus, -ī m.dance in a ring; band of dancers
aequālis, -eequal; of the same age
dryas, -adis f.dryad, a nymph of the woods (pl. dryades)
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
suprēmus, -a, -umhighest, last
impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētumfill; fulfil, complete
mōns, montis, m.mountain
fleō, -ēre, flēvī, flētumweep
Rhodopēius, -a, -umof Rhodope, Thracian
arx, arcis f.citadel, stronghold
que, enclitic conj.and
Māvortius, -a, -umof Mars (Māvors, an old name of the god)
tellūs, -ūris f.earth, land (poetic)
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
Actias, -adis f.Attic, Athenian
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
cavus, -a, -umhollow
sōlor, -ārī, -ātus sumcomfort, console; relieve
aeger, -gra, -grumsick, ill; as noun, a sick man
testūdō, -inis f.tortoise; 'tortoise' formation of locked shields
amor, -ōris, m.love
dulcis, -esweet
sōlus, -a, -umalone
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
dēcēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo away, depart
canō, -ere, cecinī, cantussing; of a trumpet: sound (receptuī canere: sound the retreat)
Taenarius, -a, -umof Taenarus, the southern cape of the Peloponnese, where a cave was thought to lead down to the underworld
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
faucēs, -ium f. pl.throat; narrow pass, gorge
ōstium, -ī, n.mouth, doorway, door
cālīgō, -ārebe dark, be misty
niger, nigra, nigrumblack
formīdō, -inis f.fear, dread; something to be dreaded
lūcus, -ī m.sacred grove
ingredior, -ī, ingressus sumgo into, enter
mānēs, -ium, m. plur.spirit, shade
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
rēx, rēgis, m.king
tremō, -ere, -uītremble, shake
nescius, -a, -umnot knowing, ignorant (of: gen.)
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
prex, precis f. (usu. pl.)prayer, entreaty
mānsuēscō, -ere, -suēvī, -suētusgrow tame or gentle, soften; tame
cor, cordis n.heart
cantus, -ūs, m.singing, song
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove, rouse; disturb
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
sēdēs, -is, f.seat, abode
īmus, -a, -umlowest (ab īmō: from the bottom)
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
tenuis, -ethin
simulācrum, -ī n.image, statue
lūx, lūcis, f.light
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
folium, -ī n.leaf
avis, -is, f.bird
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
condō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput together, found; store away
vesper, vesperī, m.evening
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
hībernus, -a, -umwintry, of winter
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
imber, imbris, m.rain, shower
māter, mātris, f.mother
vir, virī, m.man
dēfungor, -fungī, -fūnctus sumfinish, be done with; dēfūnctus: dead
corpus, corporis, n.body
vīta, -ae, f.life
magnanimus, -a, -umgreat-hearted, noble
hērōs, -ōis m.hero, demigod; great man
puer, puerī, m.boy
innūptus, -a, -umunmarried, maiden
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
rogus, -ī, m.funeral pile, pyre
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
circum, prep. with acc.around
līmus, -ī, m.mud
dēfōrmis, -emisshapen, ugly
harundō (arundō), -inis f.reed, cane
tardus, -a, -umslow
palūs, -ūdis, f.swamp, marsh
inamābilis, -eunlovely, hateful
unda, -ae, f.wave
adligō, -ligāre, -ligāvī, -ligātusbind to, bind
noviēns (adv.)nine times
interfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour between; (pass.) be streaked, flecked
coerceō, -ēre, coercuī, coercitumrestrain, keep in check
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
stupeō, -ēre, -uībe stunned, astounded, or amazed
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
intimus, -a, -uminnermost; most intimate; as noun: close friend
lētum, -ī n.death
caeruleus, -a, -umdark blue
implectō, -ere, -plexī, -plexusplait in, intertwine, entwine
crīnis, -is m.hair, a lock of hair
anguis, -is, m. and f.serpent, snake
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
inhiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgape, open the mouth (toward)
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
Ixīonius, -a, -umof Ixion, who was bound to a turning wheel in the underworld
ventus, -ī, m.wind
rota, -ae f.wheel
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
iam, adv.now, already
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
ēvādō, -vādere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo forth, get away, escape
omnis, -eall, every
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
superus, -a, -um; comp. superior, superl. summus or suprēmusabove, upper; comp. higher, earlier, previous; superior; superl. highest, top of
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
aura, -ae, f.air, breeze
pōne (adv. and prep. + acc.)behind
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
namque, conj.for
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
lēx, lēgis f.law
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
subitus, -a, -umsudden
incautus, -a, -umoff one's guard, careless
dēmentia, -ae f.madness, folly
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslove
ignōscō, -ere, ignōvī, ignōtum (+ dat.)pardon, forgive
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
sī, conj.if
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
immemor (inm-), -orisforgetful, unmindful
heu (interj.)alas! oh!
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook back
ibi, adv.in that place, there
effundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour out
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
immītis, -eharsh, pitiless
rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptusbreak, burst
tyrannus, -ī m.tyrant, despot
foedus, -eris n.treaty, alliance
ter (adv.)three times
fragor, -ōris m.crash, din
stagnum, -ī n.pool, standing water
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
Avernus, -a, -umof Avernus, the lake near Cumae thought to lead to the underworld; of the underworld
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.