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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 4.494–527

Eurydice lost; the death of Orpheus

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Georg. 4.494Illa, "Quis et mē," inquit, "miseram et tē perdidit, Orpheu,
495Quis tantus furor?
She said, 'Who has ruined both wretched me and you, Orpheus, what madness so great?
Georg. 4.495Ēn iterum crūdēlia retrō
Fāta vocant, conditque natantia lūmina somnus.
Look, once again the cruel Fates call me back, and sleep closes my swimming eyes.
Georg. 4.497Iamque valē: feror ingentī circumdata nocte
invalidāsque tibi tendēns, heu nōn tua, palmās!"
And now farewell: I am borne away, wrapped in vast night, and stretching out to you helpless hands, alas, yours no longer!'
Georg. 4.499dīxit et ex oculīs subitō, ceu fūmus in aurās
500commixtus tenuēs, fūgit dīversa, neque illum,
prēnsantem nēquīquam umbrās et multa volentem
dīcere, praetereā vīdit, nec portitor Orcī
amplius obiectam passus trānsīre palūdem.
she spoke, and suddenly fled from his sight in another direction, like smoke mingled with thin air, and saw him no more, as he clutched in vain at shadows and longed to say much, nor did the ferryman of Orcus let him cross the barrier of the marsh again.
Georg. 4.504Quid faceret?What was he to do? Georg. 4.504Quō sē raptā bis coniuge ferret?Where was he to go, his wife twice taken from him?

Georg. 4.505Quō flētū Mānīs, quae nūmina vōce movēret?With what weeping could he move the shades, with what voice the powers? Georg. 4.506Illa quidem Stygiā nābat iam frīgida cumbā.She indeed, already cold, was floating in the Stygian boat. Georg. 4.507Septem illum tōtōs perhibent ex ōrdine mēnsēs
rūpe sub āeriā dēsertī ad Strȳmonis undam
flēsse sibi et gelidīs haec ēvolvisse sub antrīs
510mulcentem tigrēs et agentem carmine quercūs;
They say that for seven whole months on end, beneath a lofty cliff by the waters of lonely Strymon, he wept, and in icy caves unfolded this tale, soothing tigers and leading oaks with his song;
Georg. 4.511quālis pōpuleā maerēns philomēla sub umbrā
āmissōs queritur fētūs, quōs dūrus arātor
observāns nīdō implūmēs dētrāxit;
as the nightingale, mourning beneath the shade of a poplar, laments her lost young, which a hard-hearted ploughman, watching, has dragged unfledged from the nest;
Georg. 4.513at illa
flet noctem rāmōque sedēns miserābile carmen
515integrat et maestīs lātē loca questibus implet.
but she weeps through the night, and, sitting on a branch, renews her pitiful song and fills the places far and wide with her sad complaints.

Georg. 4.516Nūlla Venus, nōn ūllī animum flexēre hymenaeī.No love, no marriage-songs swayed his heart. Georg. 4.517Sōlus Hyperboreās glaciēs Tanaimque nivālem
arvaque Rhipaeīs numquam viduāta pruīnīs
lūstrābat raptam Eurydicēn atque inrita Dītis
520dōna querēns;
Alone he roamed the Hyperborean ice and the snowy Tanais and the fields never free of Rhipaean frosts, lamenting Eurydice snatched away and the empty gifts of Dis;
Georg. 4.520sprētae Ciconum quō mūnere mātrēs
inter sacra deum nocturnīque orgia Bacchī
discerptum lātōs iuvenem sparsēre per agrōs.
spurned by this devotion, the Ciconian mothers, amid the rites of the gods and the orgies of nocturnal Bacchus, tore the young man apart and scattered him over the broad fields.
Georg. 4.523Tum quoque marmoreā caput ā cervīce revulsum
gurgite cum mediō portāns Oeagrius Hebrus
525volveret, Eurydicēn vōx ipsa et frīgida lingua
"ah miseram Eurydicēn!"
Even then, when Oeagrian Hebrus carried his head, torn from his marble neck, and rolled it in mid-stream, "Eurydice!" the voice itself and the cold tongue, "ah, poor Eurydice!"
Georg. 4.526animā fugiente vocābat:
"Eurydicēn" tōtō referēbant flūmine rīpae."
called with ebbing breath; "Eurydice" the banks echoed along the whole river.'

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×6, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (170 words)
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
furor, -ōris, m.rage, fury, frenzy, madness
ēn (interj.)look! see! there!
iterum, adv.again, a second time
crūdēlis, -ecruel
retrō (adv.)backwards, behind, from behind
fātum, -ī, n.destiny, fate
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
condō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput together, found; store away
que, enclitic conj.and
natō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswim, float
lūmen, -minis, n.light
somnus, -ī, m.sleep, drowsiness
iam, adv.now, already
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
circumdō, -dare, -dedī, -datusput around, surround
nox, noctis, f.night
invalidus, -a, -umweak, infirm
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
heu (interj.)alas! oh!
nōn, adv.not
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
palma, -ae f.palm of the hand; flat spreading branch
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
oculus, -ī, m.eye
subitō, adv.unexpectedly, suddenly
ceu (adv.)as, like, just as
fūmus, -ī, m.smoke
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
aura, -ae, f.air, breeze
commisceō, -ēre, -miscuī, -mixtusmix together, mingle
tenuis, -ethin
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
prēnsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgrasp; canvass (by shaking hands)
nēquīquam (adv.)in vain, without reason
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
volō, velle, voluīwish
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
portitor, -ōris m.ferryman (Charon)
amplius (adv.)more, further
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
palūs, -ūdis, f.swamp, marsh
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
bis (adv.)twice
coniūnx, coniugis, m. and f.spouse, husband, wife
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
flētus, -ūs m.weeping
mānēs, -ium, m. plur.spirit, shade
nūmen, -inis n.divine power, divinity
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
Stygius, -a, -umof the Styx, Stygian; of the underworld
nō, nāre, nāvīswim
frīgidus, -a, -umcold
cumba (cymba), -ae f.small boat, skiff (esp. Charon's ferry)
septemseven
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
perhibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold out, present; testimōnium perhibēre: bear witness
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
mēnsis, -is m.month
rūpēs, -is, f.rock, cliff; reef
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
āerius, -a, -umairy; high, lofty
dēsertus, -a, -umdeserted
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
unda, -ae, f.wave
fleō, -ēre, flēvī, flētumweep
gelidus, -a, -umicy, ice-cold
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ēvolvō, -ere, -volvī, -volūtusroll out, unroll; unfold, relate; disentangle
antrum, -ī, n.cave
mulceō, -ēre, mulsī, mulsusstroke; soothe, calm
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
carmen, -minis, n.song, charm
quercus, -ūs f.oak tree
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
pōpuleus, -a, -umof the poplar, poplar-
maereō, -ēregrieve, be sad
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
fētus, -ūs m.offspring, young; fruit, produce (of plants)
dūrus, -a, -umhard; harsh; difficult
arātor, -ōris m.ploughman
observō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwatch; keep, respect
nīdus, -ī m.nest
implūmis, -ewithout feathers, unfledged
dētrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -trāctusdraw or pull off
at, conj.but
rāmus, -ī, m.branch, bough
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
miserābilis, -epitiable, wretched
integrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrenew, start afresh
maestus, -a, -umsad, dejected, gloomy
lātēwidely
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
questus, -ūs m.complaint, lament
impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētumfill; fulfil, complete
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
ūllus, -a, -umany
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
flectō, -ere, flexī, flexusbend, turn
sōlus, -a, -umalone
Hyperboreus, -a, -umof the far north, Hyperborean
glaciēs, -ēī f.ice
nivālis, -esnowy, covered with snow
arvum, -ī n.ploughed field, field
Rhipaeus (Rhiphaeus), -a, -umof the Rhipaean mountains in the far north; northern
numquam, adv.never
viduō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbereave, deprive, empty
pruīna, -ae f.frost
lūstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspurify by sacrifice; review (an army)
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
irritus, -a, -uminvalid, of no effect; irritum facere: make void, cancel
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
spernō, spernere, sprēvī, sprētusdespise, scorn
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
māter, mātris, f.mother
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
deus, -ī, m.god
nocturnus, -a, -umof night, nocturnal; nocturnum tempus, night-time
orgia, -ōrum n. pl.secret rites, the revels of Bacchus
discerpō, -ere, -cerpsī, -cerptumtear apart; (of a demon) throw into convulsions
lātus, -a, -umbroad, wide
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsusscatter, sprinkle
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
ager, agri, m.field, land
tum, adv.then, at that time
quoque, adv.also
marmoreus, -a, -umof marble, marble
caput, capitis, n.head
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
cervīx, -īcis f.neck (often pl.)
revellō, -ere, revellī, revulsumpull away, tear off
gurges, -itis m.whirlpool; the deep, the sea
cum, prep, with abl.with
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
portō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcarry
Oeagrius, -a, -umof Oeagrus, king of Thrace and father of Orpheus; Thracian
volvō, -ere, volvī, volūtusroll, turn over; ponder (multa sēcum volvere)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
lingua, -ae f.tongue; language
ā (āh) (exclamation)ah! alas! (of grief, pity, reproach)
anima, -ae, f.breath, soul, life
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
flūmen, -minis, n.river
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.