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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 4.387–414

Cyrene tells of Proteus

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Georg. 4.387"Est in Carphatiō Neptūnī gurgite vātēs
caeruleus Prōteus, magnum quī piscibus aequor
et iūnctō bipedum currū mētītur equōrum.
'In Neptune's Carpathian flood there is a seer, sea-blue Proteus, who traverses the great sea in a chariot drawn by fishes and two-footed horses yoked together.
Georg. 4.390Hīc nunc Ēmathiae portūs patriamque revīsit
Pallēnēn, hunc et Nymphae venerāmur et ipse
grandaevus Nēreus;
He is now revisiting the harbours of Emathia and his native Pallene; him we Nymphs revere, and aged Nereus himself;
Georg. 4.392nōvit namque omnia vātēs,
quae sint, quae fuerint, quae mox ventūra trahantur;
for the seer knows all things, what is, what has been, what is soon to come;
Georg. 4.394quippe ita Neptūnō vīsum est, immānia cuius
395armenta et turpēs pāscit sub gurgite phōcās.
for so it pleased Neptune, whose monstrous herds and ugly seals he grazes beneath the flood.
Georg. 4.396Hīc tibi, nāte, prius vinclīs capiendus, ut omnem
expediat morbī causam ēventūsque secundet.
Him, my son, you must first catch in chains, so that he may unfold to you the whole cause of the disease and bring about a favourable outcome.
Georg. 4.398Nam sine vī nōn ūlla dabit praecepta, neque illum
ōrandō flectēs;
For without force he will give no counsel, nor will you bend him by entreaty;
Georg. 4.399vim dūram et vincula captō
400tende;
bring stern force and chains against him once he is caught;
Georg. 4.400dolī circum haec dēmum frangentur inānēs.only against these will his tricks break, useless.

Georg. 4.401Ipsa ego, tē, mediōs cum sōl accenderit aestūs,
cum sitiunt herbae et pecorī iam grātior umbra est,
in sēcrēta senis dūcam, quō fessus ab undīs
sē recipit, facile ut somnō adgrediāre iacentem.
I myself, when the sun has kindled the midday heat, when the grass is thirsty and shade is now more welcome to the flock, will lead you into the old man's hiding-place, where he retreats, weary, from the waves, so that you may easily attack him as he lies asleep.
Georg. 4.405Vērum ubi correptum manibus vinclīsque tenēbis,
tum variae ēlūdent speciēs atque ōra ferārum
Fīet enim subitō sūs horridus ātraque tigris
squāmōsusque dracō et fulvā cervīce leaena,
aut ācrem flammae sonitum dabit atque ita vinclīs
410excīdet, aut in aquās tenuēs dīlāpsus abībit.
But when you hold him seized in your hands and chains, then various shapes and the faces of wild beasts will mock you. For suddenly he will become a bristling boar and a fierce tiger, a scaly serpent and a lioness with tawny neck, or he will give out the sharp roar of flame and so slip from his chains, or he will slip away into thin water and be gone.

Georg. 4.411Sed quantō ille magis fōrmās sē vertet in omnēs,
tantō, nāte, magis contende tenācia vincla,
dōnec tālis erit mūtātō corpore, quālem
vīderis, inceptō tegeret cum lūmina somnō."
But the more he turns himself into every shape, the more, my son, tighten the clinging chains, until, his body changed, he is such as you saw him when he closed his eyes as sleep began.'

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×2, purpose clauses ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (145 words)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
Carpathius, -a, -umof Carpathus, island between Crete and Rhodes; Carpathian (sea)
gurges, -itis m.whirlpool; the deep, the sea
vātēs, -is m. and f.prophet, seer, soothsayer
caeruleus, -a, -umdark blue
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
piscis, -is m.fish
aequor, -oris n.level surface; the sea
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctusjoin; yoke, harness
bipēs, -edistwo-footed; (as noun) a two-footed creature, biped
currus, -ūs, m.chariot, car
mētior, -īrī, mēnsus summeasure out, distribute
equus, -ī, m.horse
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
nunc, adv.now
portus, -ūs, m.harbor, haven, port
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
que, enclitic conj.and
revīsō, -erego back to see, revisit
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
nympha, -ae, f.nymph
veneror, -ārī, -ātus sumworship, revere
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
grandaevus, -a, -umvery old, aged
nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtumget to know (perf. nōvī: know)
namque, conj.for
omnis, -eall, every
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
mox, adv.soon
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
immānis, -ehuge, enormous; savage
armentum, -ī n.herd (of cattle)
turpis, -edisgraceful
pāscō, pāscere, pāvī, pāstusfeed
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
phōca, -ae f.seal (the sea animal)
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
nātus, -ī m.son; (pl.) children
prius, adv.before, first
vinculum, -ī, n.bond, chain
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
expediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfree, set clear; get ready; arrange, settle
morbus, -ī m.sickness, disease
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
ēventus, -ūs m.outcome, result
secundō (adv.)a second time; secondly
nam, conj.for
sine, prep. with abl.without
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
nōn, adv.not
ūllus, -a, -umany
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
praeceptum, -ī n.instruction, order
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusspeak; beg, pray
flectō, -ere, flexī, flexusbend, turn
dūrus, -a, -umhard; harsh; difficult
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
dolus, -ī, m.trick, craft
circum, prep. with acc.around
dēmum, adv.at last
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctusbreak; dash to pieces, wreck
inānis, -eempty
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
sōl, sōlis, m.sun
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
aestus, -ūs m.heat; tide
sitiō, -īre, -īvībe thirsty, thirst
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
iam, adv.now, already
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
sēcrētum, -ī n.a private place; secret
senex, senis, m.old man
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
fessus, -a, -umexhausted, worn out, weary
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
unda, -ae, f.wave
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
facile, adv.easily
somnus, -ī, m.sleep, drowsiness
adgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumapproach; address; attack; undertake
iaceō, -ēre, -uīlie, be prostrate
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
corripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptusseize, snatch, snatch up
manus, -ūs, f.hand
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
tum, adv.then, at that time
varius, -a, -umvarious
ēlūdō, -ere, -lūsī, -lūsusmock, make sport of; elude
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
fera, -ae, f.wild animal, beast
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
enim, conj.for
subitō, adv.unexpectedly, suddenly
sūs, suis m./f.pig, boar
horridus, -a, -umrough, wild, frightening
āter, ātra, ātrumblack, dark; gloomy
squāmōsus, -a, -umcovered with scales, scaly
dracō, -ōnis, m.dragon, serpent
fulvus, -a, -umtawny, yellow-brown
cervīx, -īcis f.neck (often pl.)
leaena, -ae f.lioness
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
flamma, -ae, f.flame
sonitus, -ūs, m.sound, noise
excīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut out, cut down, hew through
aqua, -ae, f.water
tenuis, -ethin
dīlābor, -lābī, -lāpsus sumslip away, melt away, scatter
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
sed, conj.but
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
fōrma, -ae, f.form, appearance; beauty
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
tenāx, -ācisholding fast, clinging (+ gen.)
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
tālis, -esuch
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
corpus, corporis, n.body
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
inceptum, -ī n.beginning, attempt, undertaking
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
lūmen, -minis, n.light
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.