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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 4.251–280

Sick bees and their remedies

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Georg. 4.251Sī vērō, quoniam cāsus apibus quoque nostrōs
vīta tulit, trīstī languēbunt corpora morbō—
quod iam nōn dubiīs poteris cognōscere signīs:
continuō est aegrīs alius color, horrida vultum
255dēfōrmat maciēs, tum corpora lūce carentum
exportant tēctīs et trīstia fūnera dūcunt;
But if, since life has brought our misfortunes to bees too, their bodies languish with grievous disease (which you will be able to recognise by no doubtful signs: at once the sick have a different colour, rough leanness disfigures their looks, then they carry the bodies of the lifeless out of the dwellings and lead sad funerals;
Georg. 4.257aut illae pedibus cōnexae ad līmina pendent,
aut intus clausīs cūnctantur in aedibus, omnēs
ignāvaeque fame et contrāctō frīgore pigrae.
or they hang from the threshold with feet linked, or linger inside behind closed doors, all listless with hunger and sluggish with the cold that numbs them.
Georg. 4.260Tum sonus audītur gravior, tractimque susurrant,
frīgidus ut quondam silvīs immurmurat Auster,
ut mare sollicitum strīdit refluentibus undīs,
aestuat ut clausīs rapidus fornācibus ignis:
hīc iam galbaneōs suādēbō incendere odōrēs
265mellaque harundineīs īnferre canālibus, ultrō
hortantem et fessās ad pābula nota vocantem.
Then a deeper sound is heard, and they hum in a long drawn-out drone, as at times the cold South Wind murmurs in the woods, as the troubled sea hisses with ebbing waves, as raging fire seethes in a closed furnace): then I shall advise you to burn scents of galbanum and to bring in honey through reed pipes, actively encouraging them and calling the weary to their familiar food.

Georg. 4.267Prōderit et tūnsum gallae admiscēre sapōrem
Ārentēsque rosās aut ignī pinguia multō
dēfruta vel psithiā passōs dē vīte racēmōs
270Cecropiumque thymum et grave olentia centaurēa.
It will help too to mix in the pounded flavour of oak-gall and dried rose petals, or must boiled down thick over a strong fire, or raisins from the Psithian vine, and Cecropian thyme and strong-smelling centaury.
Georg. 4.271Est etiam flōs in prātīs, cui nōmen amellō
fēcēre agricolae, facilis quaerentibus herba;
There is also a flower in the meadows to which farmers have given the name of amellus, a plant easy for seekers to find;
Georg. 4.273namque ūnō ingentem tollit dē caespite silvam,
aureus ipse, sed in foliīs, quae plūrima circum
275funduntur, violae sublūcet purpura nigrae;
for from a single clump it raises a huge forest of stems; itself golden, but in the petals, which are spread thickly around it, the purple of the dark violet glimmers;
Georg. 4.277asper in ōre sapor;harsh is its taste in the mouth; Georg. 4.277tōnsīs in vallibus illum
pāstōrēs et curva legunt prope flūmina Mellae.
shepherds gather it in the cropped valleys and by the winding streams of Mella.

Georg. 4.279Huius odōrātō rādīcēs incoque Bacchō
280pābulaque in foribus plēnīs adpōne canistrīs.
Boil its roots in fragrant wine and set them as food at the doors in full baskets.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (153 words)
sī, conj.if
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
quoniam, conj.since now, since
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
apis, -is f.bee
quoque, adv.also
noster, -tra, -trumour
vīta, -ae, f.life
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
trīstis, -esad, gloomy
langueō, -ēre, languībe faint, be sick
corpus, corporis, n.body
morbus, -ī m.sickness, disease
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
iam, adv.now, already
nōn, adv.not
dubius, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
continuō (adv.)at once, immediately
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
aeger, -gra, -grumsick, ill; as noun, a sick man
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
color, -ōris, m.color
horridus, -a, -umrough, wild, frightening
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
dēfōrmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdisfigure, mar, spoil
maciēs, -ēī f.leanness, thinness, wasting
tum, adv.then, at that time
lūx, lūcis, f.light
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
exportō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscarry out, carry away
tēctum, -ī n.roof; house
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
fūnus, -eris n.funeral
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
pēs, pedis, m.foot
cōnectō, -ere, -nexuī, -nexustie together, join, link
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
līmen, -minis, n.threshold; door
pendeō, -ēre, pependīhang, be suspended; hover
intus (adv.)inside, within
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
cūnctor, -ārī, -ātus sumdelay, hesitate
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
aedēs, -is f.temple (sg.); house (pl.)
omnis, -eall, every
ignāvus, -a, -umlazy, cowardly
que, enclitic conj.and
famēs, -is, abl. famē, f.hunger
contrahō, -ere, -trāxī, -trāctumdraw together, collect
frīgus, -oris n.cold
piger, -gra, -grumsluggish, slow
sonus, -ī m.sound
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
tractim (adv.)in a long drawn-out way, slowly, without a break
susurrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushum, buzz, murmur; whisper
frīgidus, -a, -umcold
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quondam (adv.)once, formerly, at one time
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
immurmurō (inmurmurō), -āremurmur into, whisper to
auster, -trī m.the south wind
mare, maris, n.sea
sollicitus, -a, -umtroubled, anxious
strīdō, -ere, strīdīhiss, whistle, make a shrill noise
refluō, -ereflow back, ebb
unda, -ae, f.wave
aestuō, -āre, -āvīboil, seethe; burn (with passion or envy)
rapidus, -a, -umswift; consuming, fierce
fornāx, -ācis f.furnace, kiln, oven
ignis, -is, m.fire
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
galbaneus, -a, -umof galbanum, a strong-smelling resin burnt to drive off snakes
suādeō, -ēre, suāsī, suāsusadvise, urge
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
odor, -ōris, m.smell, odor
mel, mellis n.honey
harundineus, -a, -umof reeds, reedy
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
canālis, -is m.pipe, channel, gutter
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
hortor, -ārī, -ātusexhort, encourage, urge
fessus, -a, -umexhausted, worn out, weary
pābulum, -ī, n.food, fodder
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
tundō, -ere, tutudī, tūnsumbeat, strike
galla, -ae f.oak-gall, gall-nut (used as an astringent)
admisceō, -ēre, -miscuī, -mixtusmix in, add to
sapor, -ōris m.taste, flavour
āreō, -ēre, āruībe dry; wither
rosa, -ae f.rose
pinguis, -efat
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
dēfrutum, -ī n.new wine boiled down into a thick syrup
velor; vel … vel: either … or
Psithius, -a, -umPsithian, name of a Greek grape variety used for raisin wine
pandō, -ere, pandī, passumspread out (passīs manibus: with hands outstretched)
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
vītis, -is f.vine
racēmus, -ī m.cluster of grapes, bunch
Cecropius, -a, -umof Cecrops, Athenian (Cecrops: the first king of Athens)
thymum, -ī n.thyme
oleō, -ēre, -uīsmell, give off a smell
centaurēum, -ī n.centaury, a bitter medicinal herb
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
flōs, flōris m.flower
prātum, -ī n.meadow
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
amellus, -ī m.a purple Italian aster, starwort
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
agricola, -ae m.farmer, tiller of the soil
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
namque, conj.for
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
caespes, -itis m.turf, sod
aureus, -a, -umof gold, golden
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
sed, conj.but
folium, -ī n.leaf
circum, prep. with acc.around
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
viola, -ae f.violet; violet colour
sublūceō, -ēreglimmer, shine faintly through
purpura, -ae f.purple dye; purple cloth
niger, nigra, nigrumblack
asper, -era, -erumrough, harsh; difficult
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
tondeō, -ēre, totondī, tōnsumshear, clip
vallis, -is, f.valley
pāstor, -tōris, m.shepherd
curvus, -a, -umcurved, bent
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
flūmen, -minis, n.river
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
odōrātus, -a, -umsweet-smelling
rādīx, -īcis f.root; (of a hill) foot
incoquō, -ere, -coxī, -coctusboil in or with, cook; steep in dye
forēs, -ium f. pl.door, double door; entrance
plēnus, -a, -umfull
appōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput to or near, set before, serve
canistrum, -ī n.wicker basket
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.