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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 3.242–283

The madness of passion in animals

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Georg. 3.242Omne adeō genus in terrīs hominumque ferārumque,
et genus aequoreum, pecudēs pictaeque volucrēs,
in furiās.
Indeed every race on earth, of men and wild beasts, and the race of the sea, cattle and painted birds, into frenzy
Georg. 3.244ignemque ruunt.and fire they rush. Georg. 3.244Amor omnibus īdem.Love is the same for all. Georg. 3.245Tempore nōn aliō catulōrum oblīta leaena
saevior errāvit campīs, nec fūnera volgō
tam multa īnfōrmēs ursī strāgemque dedēre
per silvās;
At no other time does the lioness, forgetful of her cubs, roam the plains more savagely, nor do shapeless bears deal death and slaughter so widely through the woods;
Georg. 3.248tum saevus aper, tum pessima tigris;then the boar is savage, then the tigress at her worst; Georg. 3.249heu male tum Libyae sōlīs errātur in agrīs.alas, it is ill wandering then in the lonely fields of Libya. Georg. 3.250Nōnne vidēs, ut tōta tremor pertemptet equōrum
corpora, sī tantum notās odor attulit aurās?
Do you not see how a trembling runs through the whole body of horses, if the scent merely brings them the familiar breezes?
Georg. 3.252Ac neque eōs iam frēna virum neque verbera saeva
nōn scopulī rūpēsque cavae atque obiecta retardant
flūmina correptōsque undā torquentia montīs.
And then neither the reins of men nor cruel lashes, nor cliffs and hollow rocks, nor rivers in the way that whirl along mountains torn away by their flood, can hold them back.

Georg. 3.255Ipse ruit dentēsque Sabellicus exacuit sūs
et pede prōsubigit terram, fricat arbore costās
atque hinc atque illinc umerōs ad volnera dūrat.
The Sabellian boar himself rushes on and whets his tusks, paws up the earth with his foot, rubs his sides against a tree, and on this side and that hardens his shoulders against wounds.
Georg. 3.258Quid iuvenis, magnum cui versat in ossibus ignem
dūrus amor?
What of the youth in whose bones harsh love stirs a mighty fire?
Georg. 3.259Nempe abruptīs turbāta procellīs
260nocte natat caecā sērus freta;
Late in the blind night he swims the straits troubled by bursting storms;
Georg. 3.260quem super ingēns
porta tonat caelī et scopulīs inlīsa reclāmant
aequora;
above him the vast gate of heaven thunders, and the seas dashed on the rocks cry out against him;
Georg. 3.262nec miserī possunt revocāre parentēs
nec moritūra super crūdēlī fūnere virgō.
neither can his wretched parents call him back, nor the maiden who will die upon his cruel death.
Georg. 3.264Quid lyncēs Bacchī variae et genus ācre lupōrum
265atque canum?
What of the spotted lynxes of Bacchus, and the fierce race of wolves and of dogs?

Georg. 3.265Quid, quae imbellēs dant proelia cervī?What of the battles that unwarlike stags wage? Georg. 3.266Scīlicet ante omnīs furor est īnsignis equārum;Above all others, surely, the madness of mares is remarkable; Georg. 3.267et mentem Venus ipsa dedit, quō tempore Glaucī
Potniades mālīs membra absūmpsēre quadrīgae.
and Venus herself gave them that spirit, at the time when the Potnian team of four devoured the limbs of Glaucus with their jaws.
Georg. 3.269Illās dūcit amor trāns Gargara trānsque sonantem
270Ascanium;
Love leads them over Gargarus and over the roaring Ascanius;
Georg. 3.270superant montīs et flūmina trānant.they climb mountains and swim across rivers. Georg. 3.271Continuōque avidīs ubi subdita flamma medullīs,
vērē magis, quia vērē calor redit ossibus: illae
ōre omnēs versae in Zephyrum stant rūpibus altīs,
exceptantque levīs aurās et saepe sine ūllīs
275coniugiīs ventō gravidae, mīrābile dictū,
saxa per et scopulōs et dēpressās convallīs
diffugiunt, nōn, Eure, tuōs, neque sōlis ad ortūs,
in Boreān caurumque, aut unde nigerrimus auster
nāscitur et pluviō contrīstat frīgore caelum.
And as soon as the flame has crept into their eager marrow — more in spring, because in spring heat returns to their bones — they all stand on high rocks with their faces turned to the west wind, and catch the light breezes, and often without any mating, made pregnant by the wind, wonderful to tell, they scatter over rocks and crags and low valleys, not towards your rising, East wind, nor the sun's, but to Boreas and the north-west wind, or where the blackest south wind is born and saddens the sky with rainy cold.

Georg. 3.280Hīc dēmum, hippomanes vērō quod nōmine dīcunt
pāstōrēs, lentum dēstillat ab inguine vīrus,
hippomanes, quod saepe malae lēgēre novercae
miscuēruntque herbās et nōn innoxia verba.
Here at last the sticky slime which shepherds call by its true name, hippomanes, drips from their groin, hippomanes, which cruel stepmothers have often gathered, and mixed with herbs and not harmless spells.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (207 words)
omnis, -eall, every
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
homō, hominis, m.man
que, enclitic conj.and
fera, -ae, f.wild animal, beast
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
aequoreus, -a, -umof the sea, sea-
pecus, pecudis, f.head of cattle, beast, sheep, goat
pingō, -ere, pīnxī, pictuspaint
volucris, -is, f.bird
furia, -ae f. (mostly pl.)rage, madness; the Furies, avenging spirits
ignis, -is, m.fire
ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrusrush
amor, -ōris, m.love
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
nōn, adv.not
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
catulus, -ī m.young animal, cub, whelp
oblīvīscor, -līvīscī, -lītusforget
leaena, -ae f.lioness
saevus, -a, -umfierce, savage
errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswander, stray; be mistaken
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
fūnus, -eris n.funeral
vulgō (adv.)everywhere, commonly
tam, adv.so
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
īnfōrmis, -eshapeless; ugly
ursus, -ī m.bear
strāgēs, -is f.slaughter, carnage; heap of fallen bodies
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
tum, adv.then, at that time
aper, aprī, m.wild boar
malus, -a, -umbad
heu (interj.)alas! oh!
male, adv.badly, ill
sōlus, -a, -umalone
ager, agri, m.field, land
nōnne, adv., introducing a question to which an affirmative answer is expectednot?
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
tremor, -ōris m.trembling, shaking
pertemptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtest thoroughly; thrill, pervade
equus, -ī, m.horse
corpus, corporis, n.body
sī, conj.if
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
odor, -ōris, m.smell, odor
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
aura, -ae, f.air, breeze
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
iam, adv.now, already
frēnum, -ī n.bridle, rein
vir, virī, m.man
verber, -eris n.lash, whip; (pl.) a flogging
scopulus, -ī m.rock, crag, reef
rūpēs, -is, f.rock, cliff; reef
cavus, -a, -umhollow
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
retardō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushold back, slow down, check
flūmen, -minis, n.river
corripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptusseize, snatch, snatch up
unda, -ae, f.wave
torqueō, torquēre, torsī, tortusturn
mōns, montis, m.mountain
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
dēns, dentis, m.tooth
Sabellicus, -a, -umSabine, Sabellian
exacuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtussharpen; spur on, rouse
sūs, suis m./f.pig, boar
pēs, pedis, m.foot
prōsubigō, -eredig up in front, paw up
fricō, -āre, fricuī, frictusrub
arbor, -oris, f.tree
costa, -ae f.rib; side
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
illinc, adv.from there, on that side
umerus, -ī, m.shoulder
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
dūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharden, toughen
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
versō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusturn about; (pass. or reflexive) move about, be engaged
os, ossis n.bone
dūrus, -a, -umhard; harsh; difficult
nempe (adv.)of course, surely, to be sure
abrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptusbreak off, cut short
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
procella, -ae f.storm, gale
nox, noctis, f.night
natō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswim, float
caecus, -a, -umblind
sērus, -a, -umlate
fretum, -ī, n.strait
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
tonō, -āre, -uīthunder; (trans.) call out in a thundering voice
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
inlīdō, -ere, -līsī, -līsusdash (against)
reclāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshout back, cry out against, protest; re-echo
aequor, -oris n.level surface; the sea
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
revocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcall back, recall
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
morior, morī, mortuusdie
crūdēlis, -ecruel
virgō, virginis, f.maiden
lynx, lyncis f.lynx
varius, -a, -umvarious
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
lupus, -ī m.wolf
canis, -is, m. and f.dog
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
imbellis, -eunwarlike, cowardly
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
cervus, -ī, m.stag
scīlicet, adv.of course, naturally, evidently
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
furor, -ōris, m.rage, fury, frenzy, madness
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
īnsignis, -enotable, remarkable
equa, -ae f.mare
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
Potniades, -um f. pl.of Potniae in Boeotia
māla, -ae f.jaw, cheek
membrum, -ī, n.limb, member
absūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake away, consume, destroy
quadrīga, -ae f. (usu. pl. quadrīgae)a team of four horses; a four-horse chariot
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
trāns, prep. with acc.across, over
sonō, -āre, sonuī, sonitusmake a sound, sound
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
trānō, -nāre, -nāvīswim across or over
continuō (adv.)at once, immediately
avidus, -a, -umeager, greedy (for: gen.)
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
subdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput under, apply
flamma, -ae, f.flame
medulla, -ae f.marrow; the inmost part
vērē (adv.)truly, really
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quia (conj.)because
calor, -ōris, m.heat
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
exceptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscatch, take up (one after another)
levis, -elight, slight
saepe, adv.often, frequently
sine, prep. with abl.without
ūllus, -a, -umany
coniugium, -ī n.marriage, wedlock
ventus, -ī, m.wind
gravidus, -a, -umpregnant
mīrābilis, -ewonderful, marvellous
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
dēprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressumpress down, sink; depressus: sunk below ground
convallis, -is f.enclosed valley
diffugiō, -ere, -fūgīscatter in flight, flee in all directions
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
sōl, sōlis, m.sun
ortus, -ūs m.rising (ortus sōlis: sunrise)
Caurus (Cōrus), -ī m.the north-west wind
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
unde, adv.whence
niger, nigra, nigrumblack
auster, -trī m.the south wind
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
pluvius, -a, -umrainy, rain-bringing
contrīstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake sad; passive: be grieved
frīgus, -oris n.cold
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
dēmum, adv.at last
hippomanes, -is n.a fluid from mares in heat (or a growth on a foal's head), used in love-potions
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
pāstor, -tōris, m.shepherd
lentus, -a, -umslow, sluggish
dēstillō, -āredrip down, trickle
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
inguen, -inis n.groin; private parts
vīrus, -ī n.slime, venom, poison; rank fluid
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
noverca, -ae f.stepmother
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
innoxius, -a, -umharmless; innocent
verbum, -ī, n.word
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.