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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 3.138–156

Pregnant cows and the gadfly

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Georg. 3.138Rūrsus cūrā patrum cadere et succēdere mātrum
incipit.
In turn the care of the sires begins to wane and that of the mothers to take its place.
Georg. 3.139Exāctīs gravidae cum mēnsibus errant,
140nōn illās gravibus quisquam iuga dūcere plaustrīs,
nōn saltū superāre viam sit passus et ācrī
carpere prāta fugā fluviōsque innāre rapācīs.
When, their months completed, they wander heavy with young, let no one allow them to draw the yokes of heavy wagons, nor to leap across the road, nor to race over the meadows in swift flight and swim greedy rivers.
Georg. 3.143Saltibus in vacuīs pāscunt et plēna secundum
flūmina, muscus ubi et viridissima grāmine rīpa,
145spēluncaeque tegant et saxea prōcubet umbra.
Let them graze in empty glades and beside full rivers, where there is moss and the bank is greenest with grass, and let caves shelter them and a rocky shade stretch over them.
Georg. 3.146Est lūcōs Silarī circā īlicibusque;There is, around the groves of Silarus and green with holm-oaks, Georg. 3.146virentem
plūrimus Alburnum volitāns, cui nōmen asīlō
Rōmānum est, oestrum Grāī vertēre vocantēs,
asper, acerba sonāns, quō tōta exterrita silvīs
150diffugiunt armenta;
Alburnus, a fly flitting in swarms, whose Roman name is asilus, which the Greeks have called oestrus in their tongue, fierce, buzzing harshly, before which whole herds scatter in terror through the woods;
Georg. 3.150furit mūgītibus aethēr
concussus silvaeque et siccī rīpa Tanagrī.
the sky, shaken, rages with their bellowing, and the woods, and the bank of the dry Tanager.

Georg. 3.152Hōc quondam mōnstrō horribilīs exercuit īrās
Inachiae Iūnō pestem meditāta iuvencae.
With this monster Juno once vented her terrible wrath, devising a plague for the heifer daughter of Inachus.
Georg. 3.154Hunc quoque, nam mediīs fervōribus ācrior īnstat,
155arcēbis gravidō pecorī, armentaque pāscēs
sōle recēns ortō aut noctem dūcentibus astrīs.
This too — for it presses harder in the midday heat — you will keep away from the pregnant cattle, and you will pasture the herds when the sun has just risen or when the stars bring on the night.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (98 words)
rūrsus, adv.again
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
pater, patris, m.father
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
succēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo or come under, follow after, succeed
māter, mātris, f.mother
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumdrive out; finish, spend (a season)
gravidus, -a, -umpregnant
cum, prep, with abl.with
mēnsis, -is m.month
errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswander, stray; be mistaken
nōn, adv.not
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
iugum, -ī, n.yoke
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
plaustrum (plōstrum), -ī n.wagon, cart
saltus, -ūs m.wooded pass, forest glade, woodland
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
via, -ae, f.road, way
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
carpō, -ere, -sī, -tuspluck
prātum, -ī n.meadow
fuga, -ae, f.flight
fluvius, -ī m.river, stream
que, enclitic conj.and
innō, -āreswim in, sail on
rapāx, -ācisravenous, grasping, rapacious
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
vacuus, -a, -umempty
pāscō, pāscere, pāvī, pāstusfeed
plēnus, -a, -umfull
secundum (prep. + acc.)after, besides; along
flūmen, -minis, n.river
muscus, -ī m.moss
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
viridis, -egreen
grāmen, -inis n.grass, turf
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
spēlunca, -ae, f.cave, cavern
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
saxeus, -a, -umof stone, stony; saxea grandō: hailstones like stones
prōcubō, -ārelie stretched out
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
lūcus, -ī m.sacred grove
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
īlex, -icis f.holm-oak, evergreen oak
vireō, -ēre, -uībe green, flourish
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
volitō, -āre, -āvīfly about; flit, swagger about
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
asīlus, -ī m.gadfly
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
oestrus, -ī m.gadfly, horse-fly; frenzy
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
asper, -era, -erumrough, harsh; difficult
acerbus, -a, -umbitter, harsh, painful
sonō, -āre, sonuī, sonitusmake a sound, sound
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
exterreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten badly, terrify
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
diffugiō, -ere, -fūgīscatter in flight, flee in all directions
armentum, -ī n.herd (of cattle)
furō, -ererage, rave, be mad
mūgītus, -ūs, m.lowing, bellowing
aethēr, -eris m. (acc. aethera)the upper air, the sky
concutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshake violently; shake, weaken
siccus, -a, -umdry; (n. as noun) dry land
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
quondam (adv.)once, formerly, at one time
mōnstrum, -ī, n.wonder, monster
horribilis, -edreadful, terrible, horrible
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
Inachius, -a, -umof Inachus, first king of Argos; Argive, Greek
pestis, -is f.plague, pest; ruin, destruction
meditor, -ārī, -ātus sumthink over, plan; practise, train for
iuvenca, -ae f.heifer, young cow
quoque, adv.also
nam, conj.for
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
fervor, -ōris m.boiling, heat; passion, fury
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
arceō, -ēre, -uīkeep off, keep away, shut out
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
sōl, sōlis, m.sun
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
nox, noctis, f.night
astrum, -ī n.star; (pl.) the heavens
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.