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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 3.123–137

Preparing sires and dams for breeding

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Georg. 3.123Hīs animadversīs īnstant sub tempus et omnīs
impendunt cūrās dēnsō distendere pinguī,
125quem lēgēre ducem et pecorī dīxēre marītum;
These things observed, they press on as the season approaches, and spend all their care in filling out with firm fat the one they have chosen as leader and named as husband of the herd;
Georg. 3.126flōrentīsque secant herbās fluviōsque ministrant
farraque, nē blandō nequeat superesse labōrī
invalidīque patrum referant iēiūnia nātī.
and they cut flowering grass and supply rivers and corn, so that he may not fail to be equal to his pleasant labour, and weak offspring may not reflect the hunger of their sires.
Georg. 3.129Ipsa autem maciē tenuant armenta volentēs,
130atque, ubi concubitūs prīmōs iam nota voluptās
sollicitat, frondēsque negant et fontibus arcent.
But the females themselves they purposely make thin and lean, and when the now familiar pleasure first prompts them to mate, they both deny them leaves and keep them from springs.
Georg. 3.132Saepe etiam cursū quatiunt et sōle fatīgant,
cum graviter tūnsīs gemit ārea frūgibus et cum
surgentem ad Zephyrum paleae iactantur inānēs.
Often too they shake them with running and tire them in the sun, when the threshing-floor groans heavily as the grain is pounded, and when the empty chaff is tossed to the rising west wind.

Georg. 3.135Hoc faciunt, nimiō nē luxū obtūnsior ūsus
sit genitālī arvō et sulcōs oblīmet inertīs,
sed rapiat sitiēns Venerem interiusque recondat.
This they do so that the use of the fertile field may not be dulled by too much indulgence and clog its sluggish furrows, but that it may thirstily seize love and store it deep within.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (86 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
animadvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn the mind to, observe
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
omnis, -eall, every
impendō, -ere, -pendī, -pēnsusspend, devote (time, money, effort)
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
dēnsus, -a, -umthick
distendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out, stretch apart
pinguis, -efat
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
marītus, -ī, m.husband
flōreō, -ēre, -uīflourish, be prosperous
que, enclitic conj.and
secō, -āre, secuī, sectuscut; (of fodder) mow
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
fluvius, -ī m.river, stream
ministrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumserve, wait on (+ dat.)
fār, farris, n.grain; meal
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
blandus, -a, -umcoaxing, caressing, charming
nequeō, -īre, -īvībe unable, cannot
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
invalidus, -a, -umweak, infirm
pater, patris, m.father
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
iēiūnium, -ī n.fasting, a fast
nātus, -ī m.son; (pl.) children
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
maciēs, -ēī f.leanness, thinness, wasting
tenuō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake thin; thin out
armentum, -ī n.herd (of cattle)
volō, velle, voluīwish
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
concubitus, -ūs m.lying together, sexual union, mating
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
iam, adv.now, already
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
sollicitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, tempt
frōns, frondis f.leafy branch, foliage
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
fōns, fontis, m.fountain, spring
arceō, -ēre, -uīkeep off, keep away, shut out
saepe, adv.often, frequently
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
quatiō, -ere, —, quassusshake, beat
sōl, sōlis, m.sun
fatīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustire, wear out
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
tundō, -ere, tutudī, tūnsumbeat, strike
gemō, -ere, -uī, -itusgroan; lament
ārea, -ae f.open space, site, building plot
frūx, frūgis f. (usu. pl.)crops, produce
surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctusrise, get up, stand up
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
palea, -ae f.chaff, straw
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
inānis, -eempty
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
nimius, -a, -umexcessive, too great
luxus, -ūs m.extravagance, luxury
obtūnsior, -ius (compar. of obtūnsus)blunter, duller
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
genitālis, -eof birth, generative, fruitful
arvum, -ī n.ploughed field, field
sulcus, -ī m.furrow; trench
oblīmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscover or choke with mud; squander
iners, -ertissluggish, idle, unmanly
sed, conj.but
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
sitiō, -īre, -īvībe thirsty, thirst
interius (adv.)further in, more inwardly, deep within
recondō, -ere, -didī, -ditusput away, hide, store
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.