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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 2.475–518

The poet's prayer and country life

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Georg. 2.475Mē vērō prīmum dulcēs ante omnia Mūsae,
quārum sacra ferō ingentī percussus amōre,
accipiant caelīque viās et sīdera mōnstrent,
dēfectus sōlis variōs lūnaeque labōrēs;
But as for me, may the Muses, sweet above all things, whose sacred emblems I bear, struck with a mighty love, receive me first and show me the paths of heaven and the stars, the various eclipses of the sun and the labours of the moon;
Georg. 2.479unde tremor terrīs, quā vī maria alta tumēscant
480obicibus ruptīs rūrsusque in sē ipsa resīdant,
quid tantum Oceanō properent sē tinguere sōlēs
hībernī, vel quae tardīs mora noctibus obstet.
whence comes the trembling of the earth, by what force the deep seas swell, bursting their barriers, and sink back again into themselves, why winter suns hasten so much to dip themselves in Ocean, or what delay hinders the slow nights.
Georg. 2.483Sīn, hās nē possim nātūrae accēdere partīs,
frīgidus obstiterit circum praecordia sanguis:
485rūra mihi et riguī placeant in vallibus amnēs,
flūmina amem silvāsque inglōrius.
But if the cold blood about my heart prevents me from reaching these parts of nature, let the countryside and the streams that water the valleys please me; may I love the rivers and the woods, inglorious.

Georg. 2.486Ō ubi campī
Sperchēosque et virginibus bacchāta Lacaenīs
Tāygeta!
O for those plains, and Spercheus, and Taygetus, where Spartan maidens revel for Bacchus!
Georg. 2.488Ō, quī mē gelidīs convallibus Haemī
sistat et ingentī rāmōrum prōtegat umbrā!
O for someone to set me in the cool valleys of Haemus and shelter me with the vast shade of branches!
Georg. 2.490Fēlīx, quī potuit rērum cognōscere causās,
atque metūs omnīs et inexōrābile fātum
subiēcit pedibus strepitumque Acherontis avārī.
Happy he who has been able to learn the causes of things, and has trampled underfoot all fears and inexorable fate and the roar of greedy Acheron.
Georg. 2.493Fortūnātus et ille, deōs quī nōvit agrestīs,
Pānaque Silvānumque senem Nymphāsque sorōrēs:
495illum nōn populī fascēs, nōn purpura rēgum
flexit et īnfīdōs agitāns discordia frātrēs
aut coniūrātō dēscendēns Dācus ab Histrō,
nōn rēs Rōmānae peritūraque regna;
Fortunate too is he who knows the country gods, Pan and old Silvanus and the sister Nymphs: him the people's rods of office do not sway, nor the purple of kings, nor discord driving faithless brothers, nor the Dacian coming down from the conspiring Danube, nor the affairs of Rome and kingdoms doomed to perish;
Georg. 2.498neque ille
aut doluit miserāns inopem aut invīdit habentī
500quōs rāmī frūctūs, quōs ipsa volentia rūra
sponte tulēre suā, Carpsit;
nor has he grieved in pity for the poor or envied the man who has; he has plucked the fruits which the branches, which the willing fields themselves have borne of their own accord;
Georg. 2.501nec ferrea iūra
īnsānumque forum aut populī tabulāria vīdit.
nor has he seen iron laws and the frenzied forum or the people's archives.

Georg. 2.503sollicitant aliī remīs freta caeca ruuntque
in ferrum, penetrant aulās et līmina rēgum;
Others vex unknown seas with oars and rush upon the sword, and make their way into courts and the doorways of kings;
Georg. 2.505hic petit excidiīs urbem miserōsque Penātīs,
ut gemma bibat et Sarrānō dormiat ostrō;
one seeks to destroy a city and its wretched household gods, so that he may drink from a jewel and sleep on Sarranian purple;
Georg. 2.507condit opēs alius dēfossōque incubat aurō;another hoards wealth and broods over buried gold; Georg. 2.508hic stupet attonitus rōstrīs;this one stares awestruck at the Rostra; Georg. 2.508hunc plausus hiantem
per cuneōs—geminātus enim plēbisque patrumque—
510corripuit;
that one, gaping, the applause along the benches — for it rolls again and again, from people and senators alike — has carried away;
Georg. 2.510gaudent perfūsī sanguine frātrum,
exsiliōque domōs et dulcia līmina mūtant
atque aliō patriam quaerunt sub sōle iacentem.
they rejoice, steeped in their brothers' blood, and exchange homes and sweet thresholds for exile, and seek a fatherland lying beneath another sun.
Georg. 2.513Agricola incurvō terram dīmōvit arātrō:
hinc annī labor, hinc patriam parvōsque nepōtēs
515sustinet, hinc armenta boum meritōsque iuvencōs.
The farmer has cleft the earth with his curved plough: from this comes the year's labour, from this he sustains his country and his little grandchildren, from this his herds of cattle and deserving bullocks.

Georg. 2.516Nec requiēs, quīn aut pōmīs exūberet annus
aut fētū pecorum aut cereālis mergite culmī,
prōventūque oneret sulcōs atque horrea vincat.
Nor is there any rest, but the year teems either with fruits or with the young of the flock or with sheaves of Ceres' stalk, and loads the furrows with increase and overflows the barns.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (208 words)
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
dulcis, -esweet
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
omnis, -eall, every
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
percutiō, -cutere, -cussī, -cussusstrike through, strike
amor, -ōris, m.love
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
que, enclitic conj.and
via, -ae, f.road, way
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
sīdus, -eris n.star, constellation
mōnstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspoint out, show
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
sōl, sōlis, m.sun
varius, -a, -umvarious
lūna, -ae f.moon
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
unde, adv.whence
tremor, -ōris m.trembling, shaking
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
mare, maris, n.sea
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
tumēscō, -ere, -tumuīswell, begin to swell; swell with anger or war
obex, -icis m./f.bar, bolt, barrier; obstacle
rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptusbreak, burst
rūrsus, adv.again
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
resīdō, -sīdere, -sēdīsettle down, subside
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
properō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushasten
tinguō (tingō), -ere, tīnxī, tīnctumdip, wet, bathe
hībernus, -a, -umwintry, of winter
velor; vel … vel: either … or
tardus, -a, -umslow
mora, -ae, f.delay
nox, noctis, f.night
obstō, -stāre, -stitīstand in the way, block, oppose (+ dat.)
sīn (conj.)but if
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
frīgidus, -a, -umcold
circum, prep. with acc.around
praecordia, -ōrum n. pl.breast, chest, vitals
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
rūs, rūris n.the country, countryside; (pl.) fields
riguus, -a, -umwell-watered
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
vallis, -is, f.valley
amnis, -is m.river
flūmen, -minis, n.river
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslove
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
inglōrius, -a, -umwithout glory, inglorious, unhonoured
ō (interj.)O! oh!
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
virgō, virginis, f.maiden
bacchor, -ārī, -ātus sumrevel like a worshipper of Bacchus; rave, run wild
Lacaena, -ae f.a Spartan woman (here Helen)
gelidus, -a, -umicy, ice-cold
convallis, -is f.enclosed valley
sistō, -ere, stitī, statusstop, halt; set up
rāmus, -ī, m.branch, bough
prōtegō, -ere, -tēxī, -tēctuscover over, shield, protect
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
fēlīx, -īcisfortunate, lucky, happy
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
inexōrābilis, -erelentless, not to be moved by entreaty
fātum, -ī, n.destiny, fate
subiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow or place under
pēs, pedis, m.foot
strepitus, -ūs m.noise, din
avārus, -a, -umgreedy, avaricious
fortūnātus, -a, -umlucky, fortunate, prosperous
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
deus, -ī, m.god
nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtumget to know (perf. nōvī: know)
agrestis, -eof the country, rustic; boorish
senex, senis, m.old man
nympha, -ae, f.nymph
soror, -ōris, f.sister
nōn, adv.not
populus, -ī m.people, nation
fascis, -is m.bundle; pl. fascēs: the rods and axe carried before a magistrate
purpura, -ae f.purple dye; purple cloth
rēx, rēgis, m.king
flectō, -ere, flexī, flexusbend, turn
īnfīdus, -a, -umunfaithful, treacherous
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
frāter, frātris, m.brother
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
coniūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumswear together, conspire
dēscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb down, descend
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
doleō, -ēre, doluī, dolitumgrieve, be pained
miseror, -ārī, -ātus sumlament, pity
inops, -opispoor, needy
invideō, -ēre, invīdī, invīsum (+ dat.)envy, be jealous of
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
frūctus, -ūs, m.enjoyment; fruit
volō, velle, voluīwish
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
carpō, -ere, -sī, -tuspluck
ferreus, -a, -umof iron, iron
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
īnsānus, -a, -ummad, frantic
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
tabulārium, -ī n.record office, archive
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
sollicitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, tempt
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
rēmus, -ī, m.oar
fretum, -ī, n.strait
caecus, -a, -umblind
ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrusrush
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
penetrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake one's way into, penetrate, reach
aula, -ae f.courtyard; hall, palace
līmen, -minis, n.threshold; door
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
excidium, -ī n.destruction, overthrow
urbs, urbis, f.city
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
gemma, -ae f.jewel, precious stone; bud
bibō, bibere, bibīdrink
Sarrānus, -a, -umTyrian (from Sarra, old name of Tyre); purple
dormiō, -īre, -īvīsleep
ostrum, -ī n.purple dye; purple cloth
condō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput together, found; store away
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
dēfodiō, -ere, -fōdī, -fossusdig down; bury, hide in the ground
incubō, -āre, -uī, -itumlie on; brood over
aurum, -ī, n.gold
stupeō, -ēre, -uībe stunned, astounded, or amazed
attonitus, -a, -umthunderstruck, astonished
rōstrum, -ī, n.beak
plausus, -ūs, m.applause
hiō, -āre, -āvīgape, open the mouth
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
cuneus, -ī m.wedge; a wedge-shaped formation of troops
geminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdouble; join (two things) together
enim, conj.for
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
pater, patris, m.father
corripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptusseize, snatch, snatch up
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsusbe glad, rejoice
perfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour over, drench; fill (with a feeling)
exsilium, -ī, n.exile
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
iaceō, -ēre, -uīlie, be prostrate
agricola, -ae m.farmer, tiller of the soil
incurvus, -a, -umbent, curved, crooked
dīmoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove apart, stir aside
arātrum, -ī n.plough
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
annus, -ī, m.year
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
nepōs, nepōtis, m.grandson
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
armentum, -ī n.herd (of cattle)
bōs, bovis, gen. plur. boum, dat. and abl. plur. bōbus, m. and f.ox, bull, cow
meritus, -a, -umdeserved, due, just
iuvencus, -ī m.young bull, bullock
requiēs, -ētis f.rest, repose
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
pōmum, -ī, n.fruit, apple
exūberō, -āreoverflow, surge up; abound
fētus, -ūs m.offspring, young; fruit, produce (of plants)
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
Cereālis, -eof Ceres, of grain; arma Cereālia: tools for making bread
merges, -itis f.sheaf of corn
culmus, -ī m.stalk, stem; straw, thatch
prōventus, -ūs m.outcome, result
onerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusload, burden
sulcus, -ī m.furrow; trench
horreum, -ī n.granary, storehouse
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.