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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 2.426–457

The bounty of other trees

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Georg. 2.426Pōma quoque, ut prīmum truncōs sēnsēre valentīs
et vīrīs habuēre suās, ad sīdera raptim
vī propriā nītuntur opisque haud indiga nostrae.
Fruit trees too, as soon as they have felt their trunks grow sturdy and have gained their own strength, strive swiftly towards the stars by their own force, needing no help from us.
Georg. 2.429Nec minus intereā fētū nemus omne gravēscit
430sanguineīsque inculta rubent aviāria bācīs.
No less, meanwhile, every grove grows heavy with fruit, and the untilled haunts of birds glow red with blood-red berries.
Georg. 2.431Tondentur cytisī, taedās silva alta ministrat,
pāscunturque ignēs nocturnī et lūmina fundunt.
Tree-medick is cropped, the tall forest supplies pine-torches, and the night fires are fed and pour forth light.
Georg. 2.433Et dubitant hominēs serere atque inpendere cūram
quid maiōra sequar?—salicēs humilēsque genestae
435aut illae pecorī frondem aut pāstōribus umbram
Sufficiunt saepemque satīs et pābula mellī—
et iuvat undantem buxō spectāre Cytōrum
naryciaeque picis lūcōs, iuvat arva vidēre
nōn rāstrīs, hominum nōn ūllī obnoxia cūrae.
And do men hesitate to plant and to spend care? Why should I pursue greater things? — willows and lowly brooms furnish either leaves for the flock or shade for the shepherds, a hedge for crops and food for honey — and it is a joy to gaze on Cytorus waving with boxwood and on groves of Narycian pitch, a joy to see fields beholden to no rakes, to no care of men.

Georg. 2.440Ipsae Caucasiō sterilēs in vertice silvae,
quās animōsī Eurī adsiduē franguntque feruntque,
dant aliōs aliae fētūs, dant ūtile lignum
nāvigiīs pīnus, domibus cedrumque cupressōsque.
Even the barren forests on the peak of Caucasus, which the fierce east winds constantly break and sweep away, give their various products, give useful timber: pines for ships, cedars and cypresses for houses.
Georg. 2.444Hinc radiōs trīvēre rotīs, hinc tympana plaustrīs
445agricolae et pandās ratibus posuēre carīnās,
vīminibus salicēs fēcundae, frondibus ulmī,
at myrtus validīs hastīlibus et bona bellō
cornus, Itūraeōs taxī torquentur in arcūs.
From these farmers have turned spokes for wheels, from these drums for wagons, and have laid curved keels for boats; willows are fruitful in osiers, elms in leaves, but the myrtle in strong spear-shafts, and the cornel is good for war; yews are bent into Ituraean bows.
Georg. 2.449Nec tiliae levēs aut tornō rāsile buxum
450nōn fōrmam accipiunt ferrōque cavantur acūtō.
Nor do smooth limes or boxwood polished on the lathe fail to take shape and be hollowed by the sharp steel.
Georg. 2.451Nec nōn et torrentem undam levis innatat alnus,
missa Padō;
So too the light alder swims the rushing wave, launched on the Po;
Georg. 2.452nec nōn et apēs exāmina condunt
corticibusque cavīs vitiōsaeque īlicis alvō.
so too bees hide their swarms in hollow bark and in the belly of a rotten holm-oak.

Georg. 2.454Quid memorandum aequē Bacchēia dōna tulērunt
455Bacchus et ad culpam causās dedit;
What have the gifts of Bacchus borne so worthy of record? Bacchus has even given occasions for wrongdoing;
Georg. 2.455ille furentīs
centaurōs lētō domuit, Rhoetumque Pholumque
et magnō Hylaeum Lapithīs crātēre minantem.
it was he who subdued in death the raging Centaurs, Rhoetus and Pholus, and Hylaeus threatening the Lapiths with a great mixing-bowl.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (159 words)
pōmum, -ī, n.fruit, apple
quoque, adv.also
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
truncus, -ī m.tree trunk
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
sīdus, -eris n.star, constellation
raptim, adv.hurriedly, in haste
proprius, -a, -umone's own, private; characteristic (of)
nītor, -ī, nīxus sum (+ abl.)rely on
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
que, enclitic conj.and
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
indigus, -a, -umneeding, in want of; needy
noster, -tra, -trumour
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
minus, comp. adv.less
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
fētus, -ūs m.offspring, young; fruit, produce (of plants)
nemus, -oris n.grove, wood
omnis, -eall, every
gravēscō, -erebecome heavy, be weighed down
sanguineus, -a, -umbloody, blood-red
incultus, -a, -umuntilled, uncultivated; wild, rough
rubeō, -ērebe red, blush
aviārium, -ī n.aviary; haunt of wild birds in the woods
bāca, -ae f.berry; olive
tondeō, -ēre, totondī, tōnsumshear, clip
cytisus, -ī m./f.tree medick, a clover-like fodder shrub
taeda, -ae f.pine torch; (often) the wedding torch, marriage
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
ministrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumserve, wait on (+ dat.)
pāscō, pāscere, pāvī, pāstusfeed
ignis, -is, m.fire
nocturnus, -a, -umof night, nocturnal; nocturnum tempus, night-time
lūmen, -minis, n.light
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
homō, hominis, m.man
serō, serere, sēvī, satussow, plant
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
impendō, -ere, -pendī, -pēnsusspend, devote (time, money, effort)
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
salix, -icis f.willow
humilis, -elow; humble, poor
genista (genesta), -ae f.broom (the shrub)
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
frōns, frondis f.leafy branch, foliage
pāstor, -tōris, m.shepherd
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
sufficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectusbe enough, hold out; supply
saepēs, -is f.hedge
satum, -ī n. (usu. pl. sata)sown field, crop
pābulum, -ī, n.food, fodder
mel, mellis n.honey
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtumhelp
undō, -āre, -āvīsurge, billow, rise in waves
buxus, -ī f.box tree; boxwood (pale yellow)
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
Narycius, -a, -umof Naryx in Locris; Locrian
pix, picis f.pitch
lūcus, -ī m.sacred grove
arvum, -ī n.ploughed field, field
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
nōn, adv.not
rāstrum, -ī n. (pl. often rāstrī, -ōrum m.)rake, mattock, hoe
ūllus, -a, -umany
obnoxius, -a, -umliable, exposed; indebted, under obligation (to: dat.)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
Caucasius, -a, -umof the Caucasus
sterilis, -ebarren, unable to bear children
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
vertex, -icis m.top of the head, crown; summit
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
animōsus, -a, -umhigh-spirited, bold, proud
assiduē (adv.)constantly, continually
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctusbreak; dash to pieces, wreck
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
lignum, -ī, n.wood
nāvigium, -ī n.vessel, ship
pīnus, -ūs or -ī f.pine tree; (poetic) a ship
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
cedrus, -ī f.cedar; cedar-wood
cupressus, -ī f.cypress tree
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
radius, -ī m.rod, spoke; ray, beam (of light)
terō, -ere, trīvī, trītusrub, wear away; tempus terere: waste time
rota, -ae f.wheel
tympanum, -ī n.drum, tambourine
plaustrum (plōstrum), -ī n.wagon, cart
agricola, -ae m.farmer, tiller of the soil
pandus, -a, -umcurved, bent
ratis, -is f.raft
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
carīna, -ae f.keel; hull
vīmen, -minis, n.osier
fēcundus, -a, -umfruitful, rich (in)
frōns, frontis, f.forehead
ulmus, -ī f.elm
at, conj.but
myrtus, -ī (-ūs) f.myrtle (sacred to Venus)
validus, -a, -umstrong
hastīle, -is n.spear shaft
bonus, -a, -umgood
bellum, -ī, n.war
cornus, -ī f.cornel tree; a spear of cornel wood
taxus, -ī f.yew tree
torqueō, torquēre, torsī, tortusturn
arcus, -ūs, m.bow
tilia, -ae f.linden tree, lime tree
levis, -elight, slight
tornus, -ī m.lathe, turner's chisel
rāsilis, -esmoothed, polished
buxum, -ī n.boxwood
fōrma, -ae, f.form, appearance; beauty
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
cavō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushollow out
acūtus, -a, -umsharp, pointed
torreō, -ēre, torruī, tostusparch, scorch, roast
unda, -ae, f.wave
innatō, -āre, -āvīswim in or on, float on
alnus, -ī f.alder; a boat (made of alder)
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
apis, -is f.bee
exāmen, -inis n.swarm; tongue of a balance, hence the balance itself
condō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput together, found; store away
cortex, -icis m.bark
cavus, -a, -umhollow
vitiōsus, -a, -umfaulty, defective, corrupt; vicious
īlex, -icis f.holm-oak, evergreen oak
alvus, -ī f.belly, womb; hollow
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
aequē (adv.)equally, just as; aequē ac: just as
Bacchēius, -a, -umof Bacchus
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
culpa, -ae f.fault, blame
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
furō, -ererage, rave, be mad
centaurus, -ī, m.centaur
lētum, -ī n.death
domō, -āre, -uī, -itustame, subdue, master
crātēr, -ēris m. (acc. crātēra)mixing bowl for wine
minor, -ārī, -ātus sumthreaten (someone: dat.; with something: abl.)
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.