| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| labor, -ōris, m. | labor, toil |
| cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | take care of; (+ gerundive) have something done |
| vītis, -is f. | vine |
| alter, -era, -erum | one or the other (of two); another, second |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| numquam, adv. | never |
| exhaurio, -haurīre, -hausī, -haustus | drink up or off, drain |
| satis, adv. | enough, sufficiently |
| namque, conj. | for |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| quot (indecl.) | how many |
| annus, -ī, m. | year |
| ter (adv.) | three times |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| quater (adv.) | four times |
| sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n. | only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil |
| scindō, -ere, scidī, scissum | tear down, cut |
| glēba, -ae f. | lump, clod |
| vertō, vertere, vertī, versus | turn |
| aeternus, -a, -um | everlasting, eternal |
| frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctus | break; dash to pieces, wreck |
| bidēns, -entis f. | a sheep (for sacrifice, of the age to show two adult teeth) |
| levō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | lift; lighten, relieve |
| frōns, frondis f. | leafy branch, foliage |
| nemus, -oris n. | grove, wood |
| redeō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go back, return |
| agricola, -ae m. | farmer, tiller of the soil |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| orbis, -is, m. | circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| vestīgium, -ī, n. | track, foot-print |
| volvō, -ere, volvī, volūtus | roll, turn over; ponder (multa sēcum volvere) |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| ōlim, adv. | once upon a time, once, formerly, of old |
| sērus, -a, -um | late |
| pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus | place, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| vīnea, -ae f. | shed (a movable shelter for besiegers) |
| frīgidus, -a, -um | cold |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| silva, -ae, f. | wood, forest |
| aquilō, -ōnis m. | the north wind; the north-east wind |
| dēcutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussus | shake off, strike off, knock down |
| honor, -ōris, m. | honor |
| tum, adv. | then, at that time |
| ācer, ācris, ācre | sharp, shrill |
| cūra, -ae f. | care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern) |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| extendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentum | stretch out, extend |
| rūsticus, -a, -um | rural, of the country |
| curvus, -a, -um | curved, bent |
| dēns, dentis, m. | tooth |
| relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictus | leave behind, leave |
| persequor, -sequī, -secūtus | follow up, pursue |
| attondeō (adtondeō), -ēre, -tondī, -tōnsus | crop, nibble at; clip |
| fingō, fingere, finxī, fictus | invent, make up |
| putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | think |
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| humus, -ī f. | ground, earth; humī: on the ground |
| fodiō, -ere, fōdī, fossus | dig |
| dēvehō, -ere, dēvēxī, dēvectum | carry down, carry off |
| cremō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | burn |
| sarmentum, -ī n. | brushwood (usu. pl.) |
| vallus, -ī m. | stake, palisade post |
| sub, prep. with acc. and abl. | under; sub vesperum, towards evening |
| tēctum, -ī n. | roof; house |
| referō, referre, rettulī, relātus | bring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia |
| postrēmus, -a, -um | last |
| metō, -ere, messuī, messus | reap, harvest |
| bis (adv.) | twice |
| ingruō, -ere, -uī | advance threateningly, break in upon |
| umbra, -ae, f. | shadow, shade |
| seges, -etis f. | field of grain, standing crop |
| dēnsus, -a, -um | thick |
| obdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductum | draw across, extend |
| sentis, -is m. | thorn bush, brier |
| herba, -ae, f. | herb, plant |
| dūrus, -a, -um | hard; harsh; difficult |
| uterque, utraque, utrumque | each, either, both |
| laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | praise |
| ingēns, -gentis, adj. | huge, vast |
| rūs, rūris n. | the country, countryside; (pl.) fields |
| exiguus, -a, -um | small, scanty, short |
| colō, colere, coluī, cultus | till, cultivate; inhabit; worship |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| asper, -era, -erum | rough, harsh; difficult |
| ruscum, -ī n. | butcher's broom, a prickly shrub |
| vīmen, -minis, n. | osier |
| rīpa, -ae, f. | bank |
| fluviālis, -e | of a river, river- |
| harundō (arundō), -inis f. | reed, cane |
| caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesum | cut, cut down; kill |
| incultus, -a, -um | untilled, uncultivated; wild, rough |
| exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitus | exercise |
| salictum, -ī n. | willow plantation, willow bed |
| vinciō, vincīre, vinxī, vinctus | bind |
| falx, falcis, f. | sickle; curved sword, falchion |
| arbustum, -ī n. | orchard, plantation of trees (for training vines) |
| repōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus | put or set back; store up or away |
| canō, -ere, cecinī, cantus | sing; of a trumpet: sound (receptuī canere: sound the retreat) |
| efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | make or work out, accomplish, effect |
| extrēmus, -a, -um | last, extreme, furthest |
| vīnitor, -ōris m. | vine-dresser, vineyard worker |
| antēs, -ium m. pl. | rows (of vines) |
| sollicitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | stir up, tempt |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| tellūs, -ūris f. | earth, land (poetic) |
| pulvis, -eris m. | dust |
| moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus | move |
| mātūrus, -a, -um | ripe |
| metuō, -ere, metuī | fear, be afraid of |
| ūva, -ae f. | grape; bunch of grapes |