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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 2.315–345

The season for planting

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Georg. 2.315Nec tibi tam prūdēns quisquam persuādeat auctor
tellūrem Boreā rigidam spīrante movēre.
Let no adviser, however wise, persuade you to stir the earth stiff with frost when Boreas blows.
Georg. 2.317Rūra gelū tum claudit hiems nec sēmine iactō
concrētam patitur rādīcem adfīgere terrae.
Then winter locks the countryside with frost, and does not let the planted shoot fix its frozen root in the earth.
Georg. 2.319Optima vīnētīs satiō, cum vērē rubentī
320candida venit avis longīs invīsa colubrīs,
prīma vel autumnī sub frīgora, cum rapidus Sōl
nōndum hiemem contingit equīs, iam praeterit aestās.
Planting is best for vineyards when, in blushing spring, the white bird comes, hated by long snakes, or towards the first colds of autumn, when the swift Sun has not yet touched winter with his horses, and summer is now passing.
Georg. 2.323Vēr adeō frondī nemorum, vēr ūtile silvīs;Spring, indeed, is good for the foliage of groves, spring for forests; Georg. 2.324vērē tument terrae et genitālia sēmina poscunt.in spring the lands swell and demand the life-giving seeds. Georg. 2.325Tum pater omnipotēns fēcundīs imbribus Aethēr
coniugis in gremium laetae dēscendit et omnīs
magnus alit magnō commixtus corpore fētūs.
Then the almighty father Aether comes down in fruitful showers into the lap of his glad wife, and, mighty, mingled with her mighty body, nourishes all her offspring.

Georg. 2.328Āvia tum resonant avibus virgulta canōrīs
et Venerem certīs repetunt armenta diēbus;
Then the pathless thickets ring with tuneful birds, and the herds seek love again on their appointed days;
Georg. 2.330parturit almus ager Zephyrīque tepentibus aurīs
laxant arva sinūs;
the bountiful field gives birth, and under the warm breezes of the west wind the fields loosen their bosoms;
Georg. 2.331superat tener omnibus humor;tender moisture abounds in all things; Georg. 2.332inque novōs sōlēs audent sē germina tūtō
crēdere, nec metuit surgentīs pampinus austrōs
aut āctum caelō magnīs aquilōnibus imbrem,
335sed trūdit gemmās et frondēs explicat omnīs.
and the shoots dare to trust themselves safely to the new suns, nor does the vine-tendril fear the rising south winds, or the rain driven from the sky by great north winds, but pushes out its buds and unfolds all its leaves.
Georg. 2.336Nōn aliōs prīmā crēscentis orīgine mundī
inlūxisse diēs aliumve habuisse tenōrem
crēdiderim: vēr illud erat, vēr magnus agēbat
orbis et hībernīs parcēbant flātibus Eurī,
340cum prīmae lūcem pecudēs hausēre virumque
terrea prōgeniēs dūrīs caput extulit arvīs,
inmissaeque ferae silvīs et sīdera caelō.
No other days, I would believe, shone at the first beginning of the growing world, nor did they hold another course: that was spring, the great world was keeping spring, and the east winds spared their wintry blasts, when the first cattle drank in the light, and the earthborn race of men raised its head from the hard fields, and wild beasts were let loose into the woods and stars into the sky.

Georg. 2.343Nec rēs hunc tenerae possent perferre labōrem,
sī nōn tanta quiēs īret frīgusque calōremque
345inter, et exciperet caelī indulgentia terrās.
Nor could tender things endure this hardship, if so long a rest did not come between cold and heat, and the indulgence of heaven did not welcome the lands.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (151 words)
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
tam, adv.so
prūdēns, -entissensible, shrewd, wise
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
persuādeō, -suādēre, -suāsi, -suāsuspersuade, prevail upon, induce
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
tellūs, -ūris f.earth, land (poetic)
rigidus, -a, -umstiff, hard, unbending
spīrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbreathe; (of wind) blow
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
rūs, rūris n.the country, countryside; (pl.) fields
gelū, -ūs n.frost, cold, ice
tum, adv.then, at that time
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
hiems, hiemis f.winter
sēmen, sēminis n.seed
iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactusthrow, cast, hurl
concrēscō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētusharden, set; concrētus: clotted, matted
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
rādīx, -īcis f.root; (of a hill) foot
affīgō, -ere, -fīxī, -fīxumfasten to
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
bonus, -a, -umgood
vīnētum, -ī n.vineyard
satiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfill, satisfy; satiārī, eat one's fill
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
vērē (adv.)truly, really
rubeō, -ērebe red, blush
candidus, -a, -umshining white, bright
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
avis, -is, f.bird
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
invīsus, -a, -umhated, hateful (to: dat.)
coluber, -brī m.snake, serpent
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
velor; vel … vel: either … or
autumnus, -ī m.autumn
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
frīgus, -oris n.cold
rapidus, -a, -umswift; consuming, fierce
sōl, sōlis, m.sun
nōndum, adv.not yet
contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctumtouch, reach
equus, -ī, m.horse
iam, adv.now, already
praetereō, -īre, -iī, -ituspass by
aestās, -tātis, f.summer
vēr, vēris n.spring
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
frōns, frondis f.leafy branch, foliage
nemus, -oris n.grove, wood
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
tumeō, -ēreswell, be swollen
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
genitālis, -eof birth, generative, fruitful
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
pater, patris, m.father
omnipotēns, -entisall-powerful
fēcundus, -a, -umfruitful, rich (in)
imber, imbris, m.rain, shower
aethēr, -eris m. (acc. aethera)the upper air, the sky
coniūnx, coniugis, m. and f.spouse, husband, wife
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
gremium, -ī n.lap, bosom
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
dēscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb down, descend
omnis, -eall, every
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
alō, -ere, -uī, -tusnourish
commisceō, -ēre, -miscuī, -mixtusmix together, mingle
corpus, corporis, n.body
fētus, -ūs m.offspring, young; fruit, produce (of plants)
āvius, -a, -umpathless, remote
resonō, -āre, -āvīresound, echo
virgultum, -ī n.brushwood, thicket
canōrus, -a, -umtuneful, melodious
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
armentum, -ī n.herd (of cattle)
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
parturiō, -īre, -īvībe in labour, be about to give birth
almus, -a, -umnourishing, kindly
ager, agri, m.field, land
que, enclitic conj.and
tepeō, -ērebe warm, be lukewarm
aura, -ae, f.air, breeze
laxō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumloosen, open out
arvum, -ī n.ploughed field, field
sinus, -ūs, m.bosom, lap
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
tener, -era, -erumyoung, tender
humō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbury
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
germen, -inis n.bud, shoot, sprout; offspring
tūtō (adv.; comp. tūtius)safely
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctusrise, get up, stand up
pampinus, -ī m.vine shoot, vine leaf
auster, -trī m.the south wind
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
aquilō, -ōnis m.the north wind; the north-east wind
sed, conj.but
trūdō, -ere, trūsī, trūsuspush, thrust, shove
gemma, -ae f.jewel, precious stone; bud
explicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusunfold, spread out; set out, explain
nōn, adv.not
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
orīgō, -inis f.origin, beginning, source; ancestry
mundus, -ī m.world, universe
illūcēscō (inlūcēscō), -ere, -lūxīgrow light, dawn
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
tenor, -ōris m.steady course, unbroken flow, continuity; ūnō tenōre: without a break
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
hībernus, -a, -umwintry, of winter
parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsūrusspare, show mercy to (+ dat.)
flātus, -ūs m.blowing, blast, breath
lūx, lūcis, f.light
pecus, pecudis, f.head of cattle, beast, sheep, goat
hauriō, haurīre, hausī, haustusdraw
vir, virī, m.man
terreus, -a, -ummade of earth, earthen
prōgeniēs, -ēī f.offspring, descendants
dūrus, -a, -umhard; harsh; difficult
caput, capitis, n.head
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
immittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or let in
fera, -ae, f.wild animal, beast
sīdus, -eris n.star, constellation
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
sī, conj.if
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
quiēs, quiētis, f.rest, repose
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
calor, -ōris, m.heat
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
indulgentia, -ae f.kindness, indulgence, favour
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.