| nēve or neu, conj. | and that not, and not, nor |
| tū, tuī, pers. pron. | thou, you |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| sōl, sōlis, m. | sun |
| vergō, -ere | slope, lie (toward) |
| vīnētum, -ī n. | vineyard |
| cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrus | fall |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| vītis, -is f. | vine |
| corylus, -ī f. | hazel tree, hazel |
| serō, serere, sēvī, satus | sow, plant |
| flagellum, -ī n. | whip, scourge |
| summus, -a, -um | uppermost, highest, greatest |
| petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus | seek, ask; attack |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| dēfringō, -ere, -frēgī, -frāctus | break off |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| arbor, -oris, f. | tree |
| planta, -ae f. | sole of the foot; a young shoot, plant |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| amor, -ōris, m. | love |
| terra, -ae, f. | land, earth |
| ferrum, -ī n. | iron; iron point, sword |
| laedō, -ere, laesī, laesus | hurt, injure; break (an oath) |
| retundō, -ere, rettudī, retūsus | beat back, blunt |
| sēmen, sēminis n. | seed |
| olea, -ae f. | olive tree; olive |
| silvestris, -e | wooded |
| īnserō, -ere, -seruī, -sertum | put in, insert |
| truncus, -ī m. | tree trunk |
| nam, conj. | for |
| saepe, adv. | often, frequently |
| incautus, -a, -um | off one's guard, careless |
| pāstor, -tōris, m. | shepherd |
| excīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsus | cut out, cut down, hew through |
| ignis, -is, m. | fire |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| fūrtim (adv.) | stealthily, secretly |
| pinguis, -e | fat |
| prīmum, adv. | first, in the first place |
| sub, prep. with acc. and abl. | under; sub vesperum, towards evening |
| cortex, -icis m. | bark |
| tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctus | cover |
| rōbur, rōboris, n. | oak |
| comprehendō, -prehendere, -prehendī, -prehēnsus | seize, catch |
| frōns, frondis f. | leafy branch, foliage |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| ēlābor, -lābī, -lāpsus sum | slip away, escape |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| altus, -a, -um | high, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep |
| ingēns, -gentis, adj. | huge, vast |
| caelum, -ī, n. | heaven, sky |
| sonitus, -ūs, m. | sound, noise |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| inde (adv.) | from there; then |
| sequor, sequī, secūtus | follow |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| rāmus, -ī, m. | branch, bough |
| victor, -ōris m. | conqueror, victor |
| cacūmen, -minis n. | top, tip, point |
| regnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | reign, rule |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| tōtus, -a, -um | all the, the whole or entire |
| involvō, -ere, -volvī, -volūtus | roll up, wrap, envelop |
| flamma, -ae, f. | flame |
| nemus, -oris n. | grove, wood |
| ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrus | rush |
| āter, ātra, ātrum | black, dark; gloomy |
| piceus, -a, -um | pitch-black |
| cālīgō, -inis f. | mist, fog; darkness, gloom |
| nūbēs, -is, f. | cloud |
| praesertim (adv.) | especially |
| sī, conj. | if |
| tempestās, -tātis, f. | weather; storm, tempest |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| vertex, -icis m. | top of the head, crown; summit |
| silva, -ae, f. | wood, forest |
| incumbō, -ere, -cubuī, -cubitum | lean on; throw oneself into, devote oneself to |
| glomerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | gather into a ball, mass together |
| ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus | bear, bring |
| incendium, -ī n. | fire, burning |
| ventus, -ī, m. | wind |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| ubi, adv. | where; conj., when |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| stirps, stirpis f. | stock, root; family, race |
| valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus | be strong or effectual, have effect, prevail |
| caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesum | cut, cut down; kill |
| revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertī | turn back, return |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| īmus, -a, -um | lowest (ab īmō: from the bottom) |
| similis, -e | like, similar (vērī similis: likely) |
| revīrēscō, -ere, -vīruī | grow green again, revive |
| īnfēlīx, -fēlīcis, adj. | unhappy, unfortunate |
| superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | overcome, defeat, conquer |
| folium, -ī n. | leaf |
| oleaster, -trī m. | wild olive tree |
| amārus, -a, -um | bitter |