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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 2.109–135

Each land bears its own trees

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Georg. 2.109Nec vērō terrae ferre omnēs omnia possunt.Nor indeed can all lands bear all things. Georg. 2.110flūminibus salicēs crassīsque palūdibus alnī
nāscuntur, sterilēs saxōsīs montibus ornī;
Willows grow by rivers, alders in thick marshes, barren manna-ashes on rocky mountains;
Georg. 2.112lītora myrtētīs laetissima;shores are happiest with myrtle-groves; Georg. 2.112dēnique apertōs
Bacchus amat collīs, aquilōnem et frīgora taxī.
finally, Bacchus loves open hills, the yews the north wind and the cold.
Georg. 2.114Aspice et extrēmīs domitum cultōribus orbem
115Eōāsque domōs Arabum pictōsque Gelōnōs:
dīvīsae arboribus patriae.
Look too at the world subdued by its farthest cultivators, the eastern homes of the Arabs and the painted Geloni: trees have their own separate homelands.
Georg. 2.116Sōla India nigrum
fert ebenum, sōlīs est tūrea virga Sabaeīs.
India alone bears black ebony; to the Sabaeans alone belongs the frankincense bough.
Georg. 2.118Quid tibi odōrātō referam sūdantia lignō
balsamaque et bācās semper frondentis acanthī?
Why should I tell you of balsams sweating from fragrant wood, and of the berries of the ever-leafy acanthus?
Georg. 2.120Quid nemora Aethiopum mollī canentia lānā,
velleraque ut foliīs dēpectant tenuia Sērēs;
Why of the groves of the Ethiopians, white with soft wool, and how the Seres comb fine fleeces from leaves;
Georg. 2.122aut quōs Oceanō propior gerit India lūcōs,
extrēmī sinus orbis, ubi āera vincere summum
arboris haud ūllae iactū potuēre sagittae?
or of the groves that India bears nearer the Ocean, the farthest nook of the world, where no arrows by their flight have ever been able to clear the air at the tree's top?

Georg. 2.125Et gēns illa quidem sūmptīs nōn tarda pharetrīs.And yet that race is not slow when it has taken up its quivers. Georg. 2.126Mēdia fert trīstīs sūcōs tardumque sapōrem
fēlīcis mālī, quō nōn praesentius ūllum,
pōcula sī quandō saevae īnfēcēre novercae,
miscuēruntque herbās et nōn innoxia verba,
130auxilium venit ac membrīs agit ātra venēna.
Media bears the bitter juices and lingering taste of the blessed citron, than which no aid comes more effective, whenever cruel stepmothers have poisoned cups, and mixed in herbs and not harmless spells, and none drives black poisons from the limbs more surely.
Georg. 2.131Ipsa ingēns arbōs faciemque simillima laurō;The tree itself is large, and in appearance very like the laurel; Georg. 2.132et, sī nōn alium lātē iactāret odōrem,
laurus erat;
and if it did not fling abroad a different scent, it would be a laurel;
Georg. 2.133folia haud ūllīs lābentia ventīs;its leaves fall in no winds; Georg. 2.134flōs ad prīma tenāx;its flower clings fast beyond all others; Georg. 2.134animās et olentia Mēdī
135ōra fovent illō et senibus medicantur anhēlīs.
with it the Medes treat their breath and evil-smelling mouths, and cure old men short of breath.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×1, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (130 words)
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
omnis, -eall, every
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
flūmen, -minis, n.river
salix, -icis f.willow
que, enclitic conj.and
palūs, -ūdis, f.swamp, marsh
alnus, -ī f.alder; a boat (made of alder)
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
sterilis, -ebarren, unable to bear children
saxōsus, -a, -umrocky, stony
mōns, montis, m.mountain
ornus, -ī f.mountain ash
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
myrtētum (murtētum), -ī n.myrtle grove, myrtle thicket
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
apertus, -a, -umopen
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslove
collis, -is m.hill
aquilō, -ōnis m.the north wind; the north-east wind
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
frīgus, -oris n.cold
taxus, -ī f.yew tree
aspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook at or on, behold
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
domō, -āre, -uī, -itustame, subdue, master
cultor, -ōris m.worshipper; tiller, cultivator
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
Eōus, -a, -umof the dawn, eastern
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
pingō, -ere, pīnxī, pictuspaint
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
arbor, -oris, f.tree
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
sōlus, -a, -umalone
niger, nigra, nigrumblack
ebenum, -ī n.ebony
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
tūreus, -a, -umof incense
virga, -ae f.rod, stick, staff
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
odōrātus, -a, -umsweet-smelling
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
sūdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussweat, perspire; ooze, exude; toil
lignum, -ī, n.wood
balsamum, -ī n.balsam, balm; the balsam tree
bāca, -ae f.berry; olive
semper, adv.always
frondeō, -ērebe in leaf, put out leaves
acanthus, -ī m.acanthus, a plant with curling leaves used as a decorative pattern
nemus, -oris n.grove, wood
mollis, -esoft, weak
caneō, -ēre, canuībe white, be grey (of hair or of olive leaves)
lāna, -ae f.wool
vellus, velleris, n.fleece
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
folium, -ī n.leaf
dēpectō, -ere, -pexuscomb out, comb down; comb off
tenuis, -ethin
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
propior, -iusnearer (+ dat.)
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
lūcus, -ī m.sacred grove
sinus, -ūs, m.bosom, lap
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
āēr, āeris, m.air
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
ūllus, -a, -umany
iactus, -ūs m.throwing, a throw; fulminum iactūs: strokes of lightning
sagitta, -ae, f.arrow
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
nōn, adv.not
tardus, -a, -umslow
pharetra, -ae f.quiver
trīstis, -esad, gloomy
sūcus, -ī, m.juice
sapor, -ōris m.taste, flavour
fēlīx, -īcisfortunate, lucky, happy
mālum, -ī n.apple; any tree fruit
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
pōculum, -ī, n.cup
sī, conj.if
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
saevus, -a, -umfierce, savage
īnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusstain, dye
noverca, -ae f.stepmother
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
innoxius, -a, -umharmless; innocent
verbum, -ī, n.word
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
membrum, -ī, n.limb, member
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
āter, ātra, ātrumblack, dark; gloomy
venēnum, -ī, n.poison
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
faciēs, -ēī f.face; appearance
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
laurus, -ī f.laurel, bay tree
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
lātēwidely
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
odor, -ōris, m.smell, odor
lābor, lābī, lapsusslip, glide, fall
ventus, -ī, m.wind
flōs, flōris m.flower
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
tenāx, -ācisholding fast, clinging (+ gen.)
anima, -ae, f.breath, soul, life
oleō, -ēre, -uīsmell, give off a smell
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
foveō, -ēre, fōvī, fōtuskeep warm; cherish, favour
senex, senis, m.old man
medicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrug, steep in medicine
anhēlus, -a, -umpanting, out of breath
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.