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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 2.136–176

In praise of Italy

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Georg. 2.136sed neque Mēdōrum, silvae dītissima, terra,
nec pulcher Gangēs atque aurō turbidus Hermus
laudibus Ītaliae certent, nōn Bactra neque Indī
tōtaque tūriferīs Panchāia pinguis harēnīs.
But neither the land of the Medes, richest in forests, nor the beautiful Ganges, nor the Hermus muddy with gold, could vie with the praises of Italy, not Bactra nor the Indians, nor all Panchaia, rich in incense-bearing sands.
Georg. 2.140Haec loca nōn taurī spīrantēs nāribus ignem
invertere satīs inmānis dentibus hydrī
nec galeīs dēnsīsque virum seges horruit hastīs;
This land no bulls breathing fire from their nostrils ever ploughed for the sowing of the monstrous hydra's teeth, nor did a crop of men bristle with helmets and serried spears;
Georg. 2.143sed gravidae frūgēs et Bacchī Massicus humor
inplēvēre;
but heavy crops and the Massic liquor of Bacchus have filled it;
Georg. 2.144tenent oleae armentaque laeta.olives and fat herds possess it. Georg. 2.145Hinc bellātor equus campō sēsē arduus īnfert;From here the warhorse prances proudly onto the plain; Georg. 2.146hinc albī, Clitumne, gregēs et maxima taurus
victima, saepe tuō perfūsī flūmine sacrō,
Rōmānōs ad templa deum dūxēre triumphōs.
from here, Clitumnus, your white flocks and the bull, greatest of victims, often bathed in your sacred stream, have led Roman triumphs to the temples of the gods.

Georg. 2.149Hīc vēr adsiduum atque aliēnīs mēnsibus aestās
150bis gravidae pecudēs, bis pōmīs ūtilis arbōs.
Here is unceasing spring, and summer in months not its own; twice the cattle bear young, twice the tree yields its fruit.
Georg. 2.151At rabidae tigrēs absunt et saeva leōnum
sēmina nec miserōs fallunt aconīta legentīs
nec rapit inmēnsōs orbīs per humum neque tantō
squāmeus in spīram tractū sē colligit anguis.
But ravening tigers are absent, and the savage brood of lions, nor does aconite deceive the wretched men who gather it, nor does the scaly snake sweep its huge coils over the ground, or gather itself into a spiral with so long a train.
Georg. 2.155Adde tot ēgregiās urbēs operumque labōrem,
tot congesta manū praeruptīs oppida saxīs
flūminaque antīquōs subter lābentia mūrōs.
Add so many outstanding cities and the labour of their works, so many towns piled up by hand on sheer rocks, and rivers gliding beneath ancient walls.
Georg. 2.158An mare, quod suprā, memorem, quodque adluit īnfrā
anne lacūs tantōs?
Or should I tell of the sea that washes it above, and that which washes it below, or of such great lakes?

Georg. 2.159Tē, Lārī māxumē, tēque,
160flūctibus et fremitū adsurgēns Bēnāce marīnō
an memorem portūs Lucrīnōque addita claustra
atque indignātum magnīs strīdōribus aequor
Iūlia quā pontō longē sonat unda refūsō
Tyrrhēnusque fretīs inmittitur aestus Avernīs?
You, greatest Larius, and you, Benacus, swelling with the waves and roar of the sea? Or should I tell of the harbours, and the barrier added to the Lucrine, and the sea indignant with great roarings, where the Julian water resounds far off as the sea is thrust back, and the Tyrrhenian tide is let into the straits of Avernus?
Georg. 2.165Haec eadem argentī rīvōs aerisque metalla
ostendit vēnīs atque aurō plūrima flūxit.
This same land has shown streams of silver and copper ore in its veins, and has flowed abundantly with gold.
Georg. 2.167Haec genus ācre virum, Marsōs pūbemque Sabellam
adsuētumque malō Ligurem Volscōsque verūtōs
extulit, haec Deciōs, Mariōs, magnōsque Camillōs,
170Scīpiadās dūrōs bellō et tē, māxumē Caesar,
quī nunc extrēmīs Asiae iam victor in ōrīs
inbellem āvertis Rōmānīs arcibus Indum.
This land has brought forth a fierce race of men, the Marsi and the Sabellian youth, the Ligurian inured to hardship, and the Volscian spearmen; she brought forth the Decii, the Marii, and the great Camilli, the Scipios hardened in war, and you, greatest Caesar, who now, already victorious on the farthest shores of Asia, ward off the unwarlike Indian from the citadels of Rome.

Georg. 2.173Salvē, magna parēns frūgum, Sāturnia tellūs,
magna virum;
Hail, great mother of crops, land of Saturn, great mother of men;
Georg. 2.174tibi rēs antīquae laudis et artem
175ingredior, sānctōs ausus reclūdere fontīs,
Ascraeumque canō Rōmāna per oppida carmen.
for you I embark on themes of ancient praise and art, daring to unseal the sacred springs, and I sing the song of Ascra through the towns of Rome.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (184 words)
sed, conj.but
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
dīves, dīvitis (superl. dītissimus)rich
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
aurum, -ī, n.gold
turbidus, -a, -umstormy, wild, confused
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
certō, adv.with certainty, for certain, certainly
nōn, adv.not
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
que, enclitic conj.and
tūrifer, -fera, -ferumproducing incense
pinguis, -efat
harēna, -ae, f.sand; shore
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
taurus, -ī, m.bull
spīrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbreathe; (of wind) blow
nāris, -is f.nostril; (pl.) nose
ignis, -is, m.fire
invertō, -ere, -vertī, -versusturn upside down, upturn; reverse, invert
serō, serere, sēvī, satussow, plant
immānis, -ehuge, enormous; savage
dēns, dentis, m.tooth
hydrus, -ī m.water-snake
galea, -ae, f.helmet
dēnsus, -a, -umthick
vir, virī, m.man
seges, -etis f.field of grain, standing crop
horrēscō, -ere, horruīshudder, begin to tremble (at)
hasta, -ae f.spear
gravidus, -a, -umpregnant
frūx, frūgis f. (usu. pl.)crops, produce
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
humō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbury
impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētumfill; fulfil, complete
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
olea, -ae f.olive tree; olive
armentum, -ī n.herd (of cattle)
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
bellātor, -ōris m.warrior, fighter
equus, -ī, m.horse
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
arduus, -a, -umsteep, difficult
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
albus, -a, -umwhite
grex, gregis m.flock, herd; band, gang
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
victima, -ae, f.victim
saepe, adv.often, frequently
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
perfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour over, drench; fill (with a feeling)
flūmen, -minis, n.river
sacer, sacra, sacrumsacred, holy
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
templum, -ī, n.sanctuary, temple
deus, -ī, m.god
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
triumphus, -ī m.triumph, a victorious general's procession
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
vēr, vēris n.spring
assiduus, -a, -umconstant, unremitting
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
mēnsis, -is m.month
aestās, -tātis, f.summer
bis (adv.)twice
pecus, pecudis, f.head of cattle, beast, sheep, goat
pōmum, -ī, n.fruit, apple
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
arbor, -oris, f.tree
at, conj.but
rabidus, -a, -umraving, frenzied
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
saevus, -a, -umfierce, savage
leō, -ōnis, m.lion
sēmen, sēminis n.seed
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
aconītum, -ī n.aconite, wolfsbane; poison
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
immēnsus (inmēnsus), -a, -umimmeasurable, boundless, vast
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
humus, -ī f.ground, earth; humī: on the ground
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
squāmeus, -a, -umscaly
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
spīra, -ae f.coil (of a snake)
tractus, -ūs m.a drawing out; stretch, extent; line (of trees)
colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctumgather, collect (sē colligere: recover oneself)
anguis, -is, m. and f.serpent, snake
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
tot (indecl.)so many
ēgregius, -a, -umoutstanding, excellent
urbs, urbis, f.city
opus, operis, n.work, task
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
congerō, -ere, -gessī, -gestusheap up, bring together
manus, -ūs, f.hand
praeruptus, -a, -umsteep, precipitous
oppidum, -ī, n.town
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
antīquus, -a, -umancient
subter (prep. + acc. or abl.)beneath, under
lābor, lābī, lapsusslip, glide, fall
mūrus, -ī, m.wall
an, conj.or (in questions)
mare, maris, n.sea
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
suprā, adv. and prep. with acc.above, before
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
alluō (adluō), -ere, -luīwash against, wash
īnfrā (adv. and prep. + acc.)below, further down
anne (interrog. particle)or? (in a second question)
lacus, -ūs, m.lake
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
flūctus, -ūs m.wave
fremitus, -ūs, m.roaring, roar
assurgō (adsurgō), -ere, -surrēxī, -surrēctumrise up
marīnus, -a, -umof the sea, marine
portus, -ūs, m.harbor, haven, port
claustrum, -ī n.bar, bolt; barrier, enclosure
indignor, -ārī, -ātus sumbe indignant, resent
strīdor, -ōris m.creaking, shrieking
aequor, -oris n.level surface; the sea
Iūlius, -a, -umof Julius, Julian; lēx Iūlia: a law carried by C. Julius Caesar
quā, adv.in which place, where
longē, adv.far
sonō, -āre, sonuī, sonitusmake a sound, sound
unda, -ae, f.wave
refundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour back; (pass.) flow back
Tyrrhēnus, -a, -umEtruscan; mare Tyrrhēnum: the sea west of Italy
fretum, -ī, n.strait
immittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or let in
aestus, -ūs m.heat; tide
Avernus, -a, -umof Avernus, the lake near Cumae thought to lead to the underworld; of the underworld
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
argentum, -ī, n.silver
rīvus, -ī m.stream, brook
aes, aeris, n.copper, bronze
metallum, -ī n.a mine; metal
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
vēna, -ae f.vein
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
fluō, -ere, flūxīflow
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
pūbēs, -erisadult, grown-up (of men of military age)
Sabellus, -a, -umSabellian, Sabine
assuēscō, -ere, -suēvī, -suētusbecome accustomed, get used to
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
verūtus, -a, -umarmed with a javelin (verū)
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
dūrus, -a, -umhard; harsh; difficult
bellum, -ī, n.war
nunc, adv.now
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
iam, adv.now, already
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
imbellis, -eunwarlike, cowardly
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
arx, arcis f.citadel, stronghold
salveō, -ērebe well; salvēre iubeō: I greet, I hail
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
tellūs, -ūris f.earth, land (poetic)
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
ars, artis, f.art
ingredior, -ī, ingressus sumgo into, enter
sānctus, -a, -umconsecrated, sacred
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
reclūdō, -ere, -clūsī, -clūsumopen up, disclose; uncover
fōns, fontis, m.fountain, spring
Ascraeus, -a, -umof Ascra, Hesiod's village in Boeotia; Hesiodic
canō, -ere, cecinī, cantussing; of a trumpet: sound (receptuī canere: sound the retreat)
carmen, -minis, n.song, charm
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.