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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 1.393–423

Signs of fair weather

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Georg. 1.393Nec minus ex imbrī sōlēs et aperta serēna
prōspicere et certīs poteris cognōscere signīs:
395nam neque tum stellīs aciēs obtūnsa vidētur,
nec frātris radiīs obnoxia surgere Lūna,
tenuia nec lānae per caelum vellera ferrī;
No less, after rain, will you be able to foresee sunshine and open clear skies, and recognise them by sure signs: for then the stars' edge does not seem blunted, nor the Moon to rise indebted to her brother's rays, nor thin fleeces of wool to be borne across the sky;
Georg. 1.398nōn tepidum ad sōlem pinnās in lītore pandunt
dīlēctae Thetidī alcyonēs, nōn ōre solūtōs
400inmundī meminēre suēs iactāre maniplōs.
halcyons, dear to Thetis, do not spread their wings to the warm sun on the shore, filthy swine do not remember to toss loosened bundles of straw with their snouts.
Georg. 1.401At nebulae magis īma petunt campōque recumbunt,
sōlis et occāsum servāns dē culmine summō
nēquīquam sērōs exercet noctua cantūs.
But the mists seek lower ground and lie on the plain, and the owl, watching the sunset from the topmost roof, plies her late song in vain.
Georg. 1.404Adpāret liquidō sublīmis in āëre Nīsus
405et prō purpureō poenās dat Scylla capillō:
quācumque illa levem fugiēns secat aethera pinnīs,
ecce inimīcus, atrōx, magnō strīdōre per aurās
īnsequitur Nīsus;
Nisus appears high in the clear air, and Scylla pays the penalty for the purple lock: wherever she flees, cutting the light air with her wings, look, hostile and fierce, with loud whirring through the breezes, Nisus pursues;
Georg. 1.408quā sē fert Nīsus ad aurās,
illa levem fugiēns raptim secat aethera pinnīs
410Tum liquidās corvī pressō ter gutture vōcēs
aut quater ingeminant, et saepe cubīlibus altīs
nesciō quā praeter solitum dulcēdine laetī
inter sē in foliīs strepitant;
where Nisus rises to the breezes, she, fleeing, swiftly cuts the light air with her wings. Then the ravens, with throats compressed, three or four times repeat their clear calls, and often in their lofty roosts, glad with some unaccustomed sweetness, chatter together among the leaves;
Georg. 1.413iuvat imbribus āctīs
prōgeniem parvam dulcīsque revīsere nīdōs;
they delight, when the rains are over, to revisit their little brood and sweet nests;
Georg. 1.415haud equidem crēdō, quia sit dīvīnitus illīs
ingenium aut rērum fātō prūdentia maior;
not, I think, because they have intelligence from the gods or greater foresight of things from fate;
Georg. 1.417vērum ubi tempestās et caelī mōbilis humor
mūtāvēre viās et Iuppiter ūvidus austrīs
dēnset, erant quae rāra modo, et, quae dēnsa, relaxat,
420vertuntur speciēs animōrum et pectora mōtūs
nunc aliōs, aliōs, dum nūbila ventus agēbat,
concipiunt: hinc ille avium concentus in agrīs
et laetae pecudēs et ovantēs gutture corvī.
but when the weather and the shifting moisture of the sky have changed their courses, and Jupiter, wet with south winds, thickens what was thin just now and loosens what was thick, the aspects of their minds are changed, and their breasts conceive other impulses now, others while the wind was driving the clouds: hence that chorus of birds in the fields, and the glad cattle, and the ravens exulting in their throats.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×2, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (158 words)
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
minus, comp. adv.less
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
imber, imbris, m.rain, shower
sōl, sōlis, m.sun
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
apertus, -a, -umopen
serēnus, -a, -umclear, calm, fair
prōspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook ahead, provide for (+ dat.)
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
nam, conj.for
tum, adv.then, at that time
stēlla, -ae f.star
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
obtundō, -ere, -tudī, -tūsumblunt; obtūsus: blunt
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
frāter, frātris, m.brother
radius, -ī m.rod, spoke; ray, beam (of light)
obnoxius, -a, -umliable, exposed; indebted, under obligation (to: dat.)
surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctusrise, get up, stand up
lūna, -ae f.moon
tenuis, -ethin
lāna, -ae f.wool
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
vellus, velleris, n.fleece
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
nōn, adv.not
tepidus, -a, -umwarm, lukewarm
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
pinna, -ae f.feather; battlement on a wall
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
pandō, -ere, pandī, passumspread out (passīs manibus: with hands outstretched)
dīligō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctuslove, value highly
alcyōn (halcyōn), -onis f.the kingfisher
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
inmundus (immundus), -a, -umdirty, foul, unclean
meminī, meminisseremember
sūs, suis m./f.pig, boar
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
manipulus, -ī m.maniple (a company of soldiers)
at, conj.but
nebula, -ae f.mist, cloud
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
īmus, -a, -umlowest (ab īmō: from the bottom)
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
que, enclitic conj.and
recumbō, -cumbere, -cubuīlie back or down
occāsus, -ūs, m.setting
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
culmen, -inis n.top, summit
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
nēquīquam (adv.)in vain, without reason
sērus, -a, -umlate
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
noctua, -ae f.owl
cantus, -ūs, m.singing, song
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
liquidus, -a, -umliquid, flowing; clear
sublīmis, -ehigh, lofty; in sublīme: up on high
āēr, āeris, m.air
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
purpureus, -a, -umpurple, dyed purple
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
capillus, -ī m.hair
quācumque (adv.)wherever, by whatever way
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
levis, -elight, slight
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
secō, -āre, secuī, sectuscut; (of fodder) mow
aethēr, -eris m. (acc. aethera)the upper air, the sky
ecce (interj.)look! see! here is
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
strīdor, -ōris m.creaking, shrieking
aura, -ae, f.air, breeze
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
quā, adv.in which place, where
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
raptim, adv.hurriedly, in haste
corvus, -ī m.raven
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
ter (adv.)three times
guttur, -uris n.throat
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
quater (adv.)four times
ingeminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumredouble
saepe, adv.often, frequently
cubīle, -is n.bed, resting place
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
dulcēdō, -inis, f.sweetness
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
folium, -ī n.leaf
strepitō, -āremake a din, chatter, rustle
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtumhelp
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
prōgeniēs, -ēī f.offspring, descendants
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
dulcis, -esweet
revīsō, -erego back to see, revisit
nīdus, -ī m.nest
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
equidem (adv.)indeed, truly; for my part
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
quia (conj.)because
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dīvīnitus (adv.)by the gods, by divine power
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
fātum, -ī, n.destiny, fate
prūdentia, -ae, f.prudence
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
mōbilis, -emovable, quick; fickle, changeable
humō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbury
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
via, -ae, f.road, way
ūvidus, -a, -umwet, damp, dripping
auster, -trī m.the south wind
dēnseō, -ēremake thick, close up, pack together
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
rārus, -a, -umscattered, few
modo, adv.only
dēnsus, -a, -umthick
relaxō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusloosen; relax, refresh
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
pectus, pectoris, n.breast
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
nunc, adv.now
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
nūbilum, -ī n.cloud (usually pl.: the clouds)
ventus, -ī, m.wind
concipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake in, conceive; plan, imagine
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
avis, -is, f.bird
concentus, -ūs m.harmony, music of voices or notes sounding together
ager, agri, m.field, land
pecus, pecudis, f.head of cattle, beast, sheep, goat
ovō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrejoice, exult; celebrate a minor triumph
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.