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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 1.287–310

Night work, summer and winter

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Georg. 1.287Multa adeō gelidā melius sē nocte dedēre,
aut cum sōle novō terrās inrōrat Eōus.
Many tasks, indeed, lend themselves better to the cool night, or when the Morning Star bedews the earth at the new sun.
Georg. 1.289Nocte levēs melius stipulae, nocte ārida prāta
290tondentur, noctēs lentus nōn dēficit humor.
At night light stubble, at night dry meadows are better mown; at night the clinging moisture does not fail.
Georg. 1.291Et quīdam sērōs hībernī ad lūminis ignīs
pervigilat ferrōque facēs īnspicat acūtō;
And one man keeps vigil late by the fire of a winter lamp, and points torches with a sharp knife;
Georg. 1.293intereā longum cantū sōlāta labōrem
argūtō coniūnx percurrit pectine tēlās,
295aut dulcis mustī Volcānō dēcoquit hūmōrem
et foliīs undam trepidī dēspūmat aēnī.
meanwhile his wife, soothing her long labour with song, runs through the web with the shrill comb, or boils down the liquid of sweet must over Vulcan's fire and skims with leaves the wave of the trembling cauldron.
Georg. 1.297At rubicunda Cerēs mediō succīditur aestū
et mediō tostās aestū terit ārea frūgēs.
But ruddy Ceres is cut down in the midst of the heat, and in the midst of the heat the floor threshes the parched grain.

Georg. 1.299Nūdus arā, sere nūdus;Plough stripped, sow stripped; Georg. 1.299hiems ignāva colōnō.winter is idle for the farmer. Georg. 1.300Frīgoribus partō agricolae plērumque fruuntur
mūtuaque inter sē laetī convīvia cūrant.
In the cold, farmers mostly enjoy what they have gained, and gladly give feasts to one another in turn.
Georg. 1.302Invītat geniālis hiems cūrāsque resolvit,
ceu pressae cum iam portum tetigēre carīnae,
puppibus et laetī nautae inposuēre corōnās.
Festive winter invites them and dispels their cares, as when laden keels have at last reached port and the joyful sailors have set garlands on the sterns.
Georg. 1.305Sed tamen et quernās glandēs tum stringere tempus
et laurī bācās oleamque cruentaque myrta,
tum gruibus pedicās et rētia pōnere cervīs
aurītōsque sequī leporēs, tum fīgere dammās,
stuppea torquentem Baleāris verbera fundae,
310cum nix alta iacet, glaciem cum flūmina trūdunt.
But even so it is then time to strip the acorns of the oak and laurel berries and olives and blood-red myrtle, then to set snares for cranes and nets for stags and to chase the long-eared hares, then to shoot down the does, whirling the hempen thongs of the Balearic sling, when the snow lies deep, when the rivers push the ice along.

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Latin vocabulary for this passage (128 words)
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
gelidus, -a, -umicy, ice-cold
bene, adv.well; successfully
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
nox, noctis, f.night
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
cum, prep, with abl.with
sōl, sōlis, m.sun
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
inrōrō (irrōrō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusbedew, sprinkle with moisture
Eōus, -a, -umof the dawn, eastern
levis, -elight, slight
stipula, -ae f.stalk; stubble
āridus, -a, -umdry; as a noun (āridum, -ī n.): dry land
prātum, -ī n.meadow
tondeō, -ēre, totondī, tōnsumshear, clip
lentus, -a, -umslow, sluggish
nōn, adv.not
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
humō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbury
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
sērus, -a, -umlate
hībernus, -a, -umwintry, of winter
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
lūmen, -minis, n.light
ignis, -is, m.fire
pervigilō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstay awake all night, keep watch
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
que, enclitic conj.and
fax, facis, f.torch, firebrand
īnspicō, -āresharpen to a point
acūtus, -a, -umsharp, pointed
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
cantus, -ūs, m.singing, song
sōlor, -ārī, -ātus sumcomfort, console; relieve
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
argūtus, -a, -umclear-sounding, shrill, rustling; sharp, clever
coniūnx, coniugis, m. and f.spouse, husband, wife
percurrō, -ere, -cucurrī, -cursusrun along, run through
pecten, -inis m.comb; plectrum (for striking a lyre)
tēla, -ae f.web; the warp on a loom; woven cloth
dulcis, -esweet
mustum, -ī n.new wine, unfermented grape juice; vintage
dēcoquō, -ere, -coxī, -coctusboil down; boil
ūmor (hūmor), -ōris m.moisture, liquid, water
folium, -ī n.leaf
unda, -ae, f.wave
trepidus, -a, -umanxious, alarmed; critical, dangerous
dēspūmō, -āreskim off the froth
aēnum, -ī n.bronze pot, cauldron
at, conj.but
rubicundus, -a, -umred, ruddy
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
succīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut below or down
aestus, -ūs m.heat; tide
torreō, -ēre, torruī, tostusparch, scorch, roast
terō, -ere, trīvī, trītusrub, wear away; tempus terere: waste time
ārea, -ae f.open space, site, building plot
frūx, frūgis f. (usu. pl.)crops, produce
nūdus, -a, -umnaked, bare
arō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplow
serō, serere, sēvī, satussow, plant
hiems, hiemis f.winter
ignāvus, -a, -umlazy, cowardly
colōnus, -ī m.settler, colonist; farmer
frīgus, -oris n.cold
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
agricola, -ae m.farmer, tiller of the soil
plērumque (adv.)generally, mostly
fruor, -ī, frūctus sum (+ abl.)enjoy
mūtuus, -a, -umborrowed, lent; mutual (pecūnia mūtua: a loan)
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
convīvium, -ī n.banquet, dinner party
cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake care of; (+ gerundive) have something done
invītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusinvite
geniālis, -eof marriage; festive
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
resolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusuntie, loosen; release; break (bonds, oaths)
ceu (adv.)as, like, just as
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
iam, adv.now, already
portus, -ūs, m.harbor, haven, port
tangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctustouch
carīna, -ae f.keel; hull
puppis, -is f.stern of a ship
nauta, -ae, m.sailor
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
corōna, -ae f.crown, wreath (sub corōnā vēndere: sell as slaves)
sed, conj.but
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
quernus, -a, -umof oak, oaken
glāns, glandis f.acorn; sling-bullet (of lead or clay)
tum, adv.then, at that time
stringō, stringere, strinxī, strictusdraw, unsheathe
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
laurus, -ī f.laurel, bay tree
bāca, -ae f.berry; olive
olea, -ae f.olive tree; olive
cruentus, -a, -umbloody, blood-stained
myrtus, -ī (-ūs) f.myrtle (sacred to Venus)
grūs, gruis f.crane (the bird)
pedica, -ae f.a snare for the feet, fetter
rēte, -is n.net
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
cervus, -ī, m.stag
aurītus, -a, -umlong-eared
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
lepus, -oris m.hare
fīgō, fīgere, fīxī, fīxusfix, fasten, plant firmly
damma (dāma), -ae f.deer, doe, fallow deer
stuppeus, -a, -umof tow, of hemp
torqueō, torquēre, torsī, tortusturn
Baleārēs, -iumof the Balearic Islands (famous for slingers)
verber, -eris n.lash, whip; (pl.) a flogging
funda, -ae f.sling
nix, nivis, f.snow
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
iaceō, -ēre, -uīlie, be prostrate
glaciēs, -ēī f.ice
flūmen, -minis, n.river
trūdō, -ere, trūsī, trūsuspush, thrust, shove
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.