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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 1.204–230

Stars that time the sowing

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Georg. 1.204Praetereā tam sunt Arctūrī sīdera nōbīs
205Haedōrumque diēs servandī et lūcidus Anguis,
quam quibus in patriam ventōsa per aequora vectīs
pontus et ostriferī faucēs temptantur Abydī.
Moreover, we must watch the stars of Arcturus, the days of the Kids and the shining Serpent as closely as those who, homeward bound over windy waters, venture on the Pontus and the jaws of oyster-bearing Abydos.
Georg. 1.208Lībra diē somnīque parēs ubi fēcerit hōrās
et medium lūcī atque umbrīs iam dīvidit orbem,
210exercēte, virī, taurōs, serite hordea campīs
ūsque sub extrēmum brūmae intractābilis imbrem;
When Libra has made the hours of day and of sleep equal, and now divides the world in half between light and shadow, work your bulls, men, sow barley in the fields right up to the last rain of the unmanageable winter solstice;
Georg. 1.212nec nōn et līnī segetem et Cereāle papāver
tempus humō tegere et iamdūdum incumbere arātrīs,
dum siccā tellūre licet, dum nūbila pendent.
it is time also to cover in the ground the flax crop and Ceres' poppy, and high time to bend to the ploughs, while the dry earth allows, while the clouds hang aloft.

Georg. 1.215Vērē fabīs satiō;In spring is the sowing of beans; Georg. 1.215tum tē quoque, Mēdica, putrēs
accipiunt sulcī et miliō venit annua cūra,
candidus aurātīs aperit cum cornibus annum
Taurus et āversō cēdēns Canis occīdit astrō.
then you too, lucerne, the crumbling furrows receive, and millet's yearly care comes, when the white Bull with gilded horns opens the year, and the Dog sets, giving way before the star that faces backwards.
Georg. 1.219At sī trīticeam in messem rōbustaque farra
220exercēbis humum sōlīsque īnstābis aristīs,
ante tibi Eōae Atlantidēs abscondantur
Gnōsiaque ārdentis dēcēdat stella Corōnae,
dēbita quam sulcīs committās sēmina quamque
invītae properēs annī spem crēdere terrae.
But if you work the ground for a wheat harvest and hardy spelt, and press on with corn-ears alone, first let the Atlantids of the dawn be hidden from you, and the Cretan star of the blazing Crown depart, before you entrust to the furrows the seed that is due, and before you hasten to trust the hope of the year to an unwilling earth.
Georg. 1.225Multī ante occāsum Māiae coepēre;Many have begun before Maia's setting; Georg. 1.225sed illōs
exspectāta seges vānīs ēlūsit avēnīs.
but the crop they awaited has mocked them with empty husks.

Georg. 1.227Sī vērō viciamque serēs vīlemque phasēlum
nec Pelusiacae cūram aspernābere lentis,
haud obscūra cadēns mittet tibi signa Boōtēs:
230incipe et ad mediās sēmentem extende pruīnās.
If indeed you sow the vetch and the humble kidney-bean, and do not scorn the care of Pelusian lentils, Bootes as he sets will send you no obscure signs: begin, and extend your sowing to the middle of the frosts.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (142 words)
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
tam, adv.so
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
sīdus, -eris n.star, constellation
nōsplur. of ego
haedus, -ī m.young goat, kid
que, enclitic conj.and
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
lūcidus, -a, -umbright, shining; clear
anguis, -is, m. and f.serpent, snake
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
ventōsus, -a, -umwindy
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
aequor, -oris n.level surface; the sea
vehō, vehere, vexī, vectuscarry
ostrifer, -fera, -ferumproducing oysters
faucēs, -ium f. pl.throat; narrow pass, gorge
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
lībra, -ae f.pound (a Roman weight, about 330 g); balance, scales
somnus, -ī, m.sleep, drowsiness
pār, parisequal
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
hōra, -ae, f.hour
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
lūx, lūcis, f.light
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
iam, adv.now, already
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
vir, virī, m.man
taurus, -ī, m.bull
serō, serere, sēvī, satussow, plant
hordeum, -ī n.barley
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
brūma, -ae f.midwinter, the winter solstice
intractābilis, -eunmanageable, invincible
imber, imbris, m.rain, shower
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
nōn, adv.not
līnum, -ī n.flax, linen
seges, -etis f.field of grain, standing crop
Cereālis, -eof Ceres, of grain; arma Cereālia: tools for making bread
papāver, -eris n.poppy
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
humus, -ī f.ground, earth; humī: on the ground
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
iamdūdum (adv.)long since; for a long time now
incumbō, -ere, -cubuī, -cubitumlean on; throw oneself into, devote oneself to
arātrum, -ī n.plough
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
siccus, -a, -umdry; (n. as noun) dry land
tellūs, -ūris f.earth, land (poetic)
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
nūbilum, -ī n.cloud (usually pl.: the clouds)
pendeō, -ēre, pependīhang, be suspended; hover
vērē (adv.)truly, really
faba, -ae f.bean
satiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfill, satisfy; satiārī, eat one's fill
tum, adv.then, at that time
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
quoque, adv.also
mēdica, -ae f.lucerne, alfalfa (the 'Median' grass)
puter, putris, putrerotten, decaying; crumbling, loose (soil)
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
sulcus, -ī m.furrow; trench
milium, -ī n.millet
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
annuus, -a, -umfor a year, yearly
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
candidus, -a, -umshining white, bright
aurātus, -a, -umgilded, golden
aperiō, -īre, -uī, -tusopen
cum, prep, with abl.with
cornū, -ūs, n.horn
annus, -ī, m.year
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
canis, -is, m. and f.dog
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
astrum, -ī n.star; (pl.) the heavens
at, conj.but
sī, conj.if
trīticeus, -a, -umof wheat, wheaten
messis, -is f.harvest, harvest time
rōbustus, -a, -umstrong, sturdy
fār, farris, n.grain; meal
sōlus, -a, -umalone
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
arista, -ae f.ear of grain, beard of grain
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
Eōus, -a, -umof the dawn, eastern
abscondō, -ere, -condī, -conditushide, conceal
Gnōsius, -a, -umof Cnossos, Cretan
ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsusbe on fire, burn
dēcēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo away, depart
stēlla, -ae f.star
corōna, -ae f.crown, wreath (sub corōnā vēndere: sell as slaves)
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
sēmen, sēminis n.seed
invītus, -a, -umunwilling
properō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushasten
spēs, speī, f.hope
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
occāsus, -ūs, m.setting
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
sed, conj.but
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
vānus, -a, -umempty, idle, vain; in vanum: in vain
ēlūdō, -ere, -lūsī, -lūsusmock, make sport of; elude
avēna, -ae f.oat; a reed or straw, a shepherd's pipe
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
vicia, -ae f.vetch
vīlis, -echeap, worthless
phasēlus, -ī m./f.kidney bean; a light boat
Pelusiacus, -a, -umof Pelusium in Egypt; Egyptian
aspernor, -ārī, -ātus sumspurn, reject, scorn
lēns, lentis f.lentil
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
obscūrus, -a, -umdark
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
sēmentis, -is, f.seeding, sowing
extendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentumstretch out, extend
pruīna, -ae f.frost
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.