| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj. | what? |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| dūrus, -a, -um | hard; harsh; difficult |
| agrestis, -e | of the country, rustic; boorish |
| arma, -ōrum, n. plur. | arms, weapons |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| sine, prep. with abl. | without |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| serō, serere, sēvī, satus | sow, plant |
| surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctus | rise, get up, stand up |
| messis, -is f. | harvest, harvest time |
| vōmer, -eris m. | ploughshare |
| īnflectō, -ere, -flexī, -flexum | bend |
| prīmum, adv. | first, in the first place |
| gravis, -e | heavy; severe, grievous, serious |
| rōbur, rōboris, n. | oak |
| arātrum, -ī n. | plough |
| tardus, -a, -um | slow |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| Eleusīnus, -a, -um | of Eleusis; Eleusīna māter: Ceres |
| māter, mātris, f. | mother |
| volvō, -ere, volvī, volūtus | roll, turn over; ponder (multa sēcum volvere) |
| plaustrum (plōstrum), -ī n. | wagon, cart |
| tribulum, -ī n. | a threshing sledge |
| trahea, -ae f. | a drag, threshing sledge |
| inīquus, -a, -um | uneven; unfair |
| pondus, ponderis, n. | weight |
| rāstrum, -ī n. (pl. often rāstrī, -ōrum m.) | rake, mattock, hoe |
| virgeus, -a, -um | made of twigs, of brushwood |
| praetereā, adv. | besides this, besides, moreover |
| vīlis, -e | cheap, worthless |
| supellex, -lectilis f. | household furniture, equipment, utensils |
| arbuteus, -a, -um | of the arbutus (strawberry tree) |
| crātis, -is f. | wickerwork, hurdle |
| mysticus, -a, -um | mystic, of the mysteries |
| vannus, -ī f. | a winnowing basket |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| multō, adv. | by much or far, much, far |
| ante, prep, with acc. and adv. | before |
| memor, -oris | mindful, remembering (+ gen.) |
| prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsum | foresee; provide for |
| repōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus | put or set back; store up or away |
| sī, conj. | if |
| tū, tuī, pers. pron. | thou, you |
| dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.) | worthy (of), deserving |
| maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsus | remain |
| dīvīnus, -a, -um | divine, of the gods |
| glōria, -ae, f. | glory |
| rūs, rūris n. | the country, countryside; (pl.) fields |
| continuō (adv.) | at once, immediately |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| silva, -ae, f. | wood, forest |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| vīs, vīs, f. | violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main |
| flectō, -ere, flexī, flexus | bend, turn |
| domō, -āre, -uī, -itus | tame, subdue, master |
| buris, -is f. | the curved plough-beam |
| curvus, -a, -um | curved, bent |
| fōrma, -ae, f. | form, appearance; beauty |
| accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer |
| ulmus, -ī f. | elm |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| stirps, stirpis f. | stock, root; family, race |
| pēs, pedis, m. | foot |
| tēmō, -ōnis m. | pole (of a chariot) |
| prōtendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch out, hold out |
| octō (indecl.) | eight |
| bīnī, -ae, -a | two each, two at a time |
| auris, -is, f. | ear |
| duplex, -icis | double |
| aptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | fit, adjust, make ready |
| dentāle, -is n. | the share-beam of a plough |
| dorsum, -ī n. | back; ridge (of a hill) |
| caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesum | cut, cut down; kill |
| tilia, -ae f. | linden tree, lime tree |
| iugum, -ī, n. | yoke |
| levis, -e | light, slight |
| altus, -a, -um | high, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep |
| fāgus, -ī f. | beech tree |
| stīva, -ae f. | plough handle |
| currus, -ūs, m. | chariot, car |
| tergum, -ī, n. | back |
| torqueō, torquēre, torsī, tortus | turn |
| īmus, -a, -um | lowest (ab īmō: from the bottom) |
| suspendō, -pendere, -pendī, -pēnsus | hang up, hang |
| focus, -ī m. | hearth, fireplace; (fig.) home |
| explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātus | search out, explore |
| fūmus, -ī, m. | smoke |