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Vergil · Aeneid IX

Aeneid 9.778–818

Turnus escapes into the Tiber

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Aen. 9.778Tandem ductōrēs audītā caede suōrum
conveniunt Teucrī, Mnēstheus ācerque Serestus,
780pālantīsque vident sociōs hostemque receptum.
At last, hearing of the slaughter of their men, the Teucrian leaders gather, Mnestheus and fierce Serestus, and see their comrades scattered and the enemy let in.
Aen. 9.781Et Mnēstheus: Quō deinde fugam, quō tenditis?And Mnestheus: 'Where next, where are you turning your flight?' Aen. 9.781inquit.he says. Aen. 9.782Quōs aliōs mūrōs, quae iam ultrā moenia habētis?'What other walls, what further ramparts do you now have? Aen. 9.783Ūnus homō et vestrīs, ō cīvēs, undique saeptus
aggeribus tantās strāgēs inpūne per urbem
785ēdiderit, iuvenum prīmōs tot mīserit Orcō?
Shall one man, and he hemmed in on all sides by your ramparts, citizens, have wrought such slaughter through the city unpunished, and sent so many of our foremost young men to Orcus?
Aen. 9.786Nōn īnfēlīcis patriae veterumque deōrum
et magnī Aenēae, segnēs, miseretque pudetque?
Do you feel no pity and no shame, you cowards, for your unhappy country, for your ancient gods and great Aeneas?'
Aen. 9.788Tālibus accēnsī firmantur et agmine dēnsō
cōnsistunt.
Fired by such words, they are strengthened and take a stand in a dense column.

Aen. 9.789Turnus paulātim excēdere pugnā
790et fluvium petere ac partem, quae cingitur undā;
Turnus little by little withdraws from the fight and makes for the river and the part which is bounded by the water;
Aen. 9.791ācrius hōc Teucrī clamōre incumbere magnō
et glomerāre manum.
all the more fiercely do the Teucrians press on with a great shout and mass their band.
Aen. 9.792Ceu saevum turba leōnem
cum tēlīs premit īnfēnsīs, at territus ille,
asper, acerba tuēns, retrō redit, et neque terga
795īra dare aut virtūs patitur, nec tendere contrā
ille quidem hoc cupiēns potis est per tēla virōsque:
haud aliter retrō dubius vestīgia Turnus
improperāta refert, et mēns exaestuat īra.
As when a crowd presses on a savage lion with hostile weapons, but he, frightened, fierce, glaring grimly, gives ground, and neither his anger nor his courage lets him turn his back, nor, much as he desires it, can he make headway against them through weapons and men: just so Turnus, uncertain, retraces his steps without haste, and his mind seethes with anger.
Aen. 9.799Quīn etiam bis tum mediōs invāserat hostīs,
800bis cōnfūsa fugā per mūrōs agmina vertit;
Indeed, twice even then he had charged into the midst of the enemy, twice he turns their columns in confused flight along the walls;
Aen. 9.801sed manus ē castrīs properē coit omnis in ūnum,
nec contrā vīrēs audet Sāturnia Iūnō
sufficere, āëriam caelō nam Iuppiter Īrim
dēmīsit germānae haud mollia iussa ferentem,
805nī Turnus cēdat Teucrōrum moenibus altīs.
but the whole force from the camp quickly gathers into one, nor does Juno, Saturn's daughter, dare to supply him strength against them, for Jupiter sent airy Iris down from the sky, bearing no gentle commands to his sister, if Turnus does not withdraw from the high walls of the Teucrians.

Aen. 9.806Ergō nec clipeō iuvenis subsistere tantum
nec dextra valet: iniectīs sīc undique tēlīs
obruitur.
So the young man can hold his ground neither with shield nor with right hand as well as before: he is overwhelmed by weapons thrown from every side.
Aen. 9.808Strepit adsiduō cava tempora circum
tinnītū galea, et saxīs solida aera fatīscunt,
810discussaeque iubae capitī, nec sufficit umbō
ictibus: ingeminant hastīs et Trōēs et ipse
fulmineus Mnēstheus.
Round his hollow temples his helmet rings with ceaseless clanging, the solid bronze gives way under stones, the plumes are torn from his head, nor is the boss of his shield enough for the blows: the Trojans redouble their thrusts with spears, and lightning Mnestheus himself.
Aen. 9.812Tum tōtō corpore sūdor
līquitur et piceum, nec respīrāre potestās,
flūmen agit;
Then sweat runs over his whole body and flows in a pitchy stream, and he has no power to breathe;
Aen. 9.814fessōs quatit aeger anhēlitus artūs.a sick panting shakes his weary limbs. Aen. 9.815Tum dēmum praeceps saltū sēsē omnibus armīs
in fluvium dedit: ille suō cum gurgite flāvō
accēpit venientem ac mollibus extulit undīs
et laetum sociīs ablūtā caede remīsit.
Then at last, headlong, with a leap he threw himself in full armour into the river: it received him in its yellow eddy as he came, bore him up on gentle waves, and, the slaughter washed away, returned him rejoicing to his comrades.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (197 words)
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
ductor, -ōris m.leader, guide
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
que, enclitic conj.and
pālor, -ārī, -ātus sumwander, straggle
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
deinde, adv.then, next
fuga, -ae, f.flight
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
mūrus, -ī, m.wall
iam, adv.now, already
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
homō, hominis, m.man
vester, -tra, -trumyour
ō (interj.)O! oh!
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
undique, adv.from or on all sides
saepiō, -īre, saepsī, saeptusfence in, enclose; protect
agger, aggeris m.mound, siege ramp
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
strāgēs, -is f.slaughter, carnage; heap of fallen bodies
impūne (adv.)without punishment
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
urbs, urbis, f.city
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
tot (indecl.)so many
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
nōn, adv.not
īnfēlīx, -fēlīcis, adj.unhappy, unfortunate
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
vetus, veterisold, former
deus, -ī, m.god
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
segnis, -eslow, sluggish, idle
miseret, -ēre, miseruit (impers.)it moves to pity; me miseret tui: I pity you
pudet, -ēre, puduit (impers.)it shames, one is ashamed
tālis, -esuch
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
firmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstrengthen, secure
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
dēnsus, -a, -umthick
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
paulātim (adv.)little by little, gradually
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
fluvius, -ī m.river, stream
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
cingō, cingere, cinxī, cinctussurround, gird
unda, -ae, f.wave
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
incumbō, -ere, -cubuī, -cubitumlean on; throw oneself into, devote oneself to
glomerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgather into a ball, mass together
manus, -ūs, f.hand
ceu (adv.)as, like, just as
saevus, -a, -umfierce, savage
turba, -ae f.crowd
leō, -ōnis, m.lion
cum, prep, with abl.with
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
īnfēnsus, -a, -umhostile, angry (with: dat.)
at, conj.but
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
asper, -era, -erumrough, harsh; difficult
acerbus, -a, -umbitter, harsh, painful
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
retrō (adv.)backwards, behind, from behind
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
tergum, -ī, n.back
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
potis, pote (indecl.)able; potis (or pote) est: it is possible, he can
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
vir, virī, m.man
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
aliter, adv.in another way, otherwise, differently
dubius, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain
vestīgium, -ī, n.track, foot-print
improperātus, -a, -umunhurried, slow
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
exaestuō, -āre, -āvīboil up, be scorched, burn with heat
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
bis (adv.)twice
tum, adv.then, at that time
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
cōnfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour together, mingle; throw into disorder, confuse
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
sed, conj.but
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
properē (adv.)quickly, in haste
coeō, -īre, -iī, -itumcome together, assemble
omnis, -eall, every
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
sufficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectusbe enough, hold out; supply
āerius, -a, -umairy; high, lofty
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
nam, conj.for
dēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend down, let fall; animōs dēmittere, to lose courage
germāna, -ae f.sister
mollis, -esoft, weak
iussum, -ī, n.order, command
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
clipeus, -ī m. (also clipeum, -ī n.)round bronze shield
subsistō, -ere, -stitīhalt, make a stand
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
dextra, -ae, f.right hand (manus understood)
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
iniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in or upon; cause, inspire
sīc, adv.so, thus
obruō, -ere, -ruī, -rutusoverwhelm, bury, crush
strepō, -ere, -uīmake a noise, roar, hum
adsiduus (assiduus), -a, -umconstant, unceasing; persistent, diligent
cavus, -a, -umhollow
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
circum, prep. with acc.around
tinnītus, -ūs m.ringing, jingling, clanging
galea, -ae, f.helmet
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
solidus, -a, -umwhole, complete, solid
aes, aeris, n.copper, bronze
fatīscō, -eregape open, split apart
discutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshatter; clear away
iuba, -ae f.mane
caput, capitis, n.head
umbō, -ōnis m.boss (of a shield)
īctus, -ūs, m.blow
ingeminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumredouble
hasta, -ae f.spear
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
fulmineus, -a, -umlike lightning, flashing
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
corpus, corporis, n.body
sūdor, -ōris m.sweat; toil
liquor, -ōris m.liquid, water
piceus, -a, -umpitch-black
respīrō, -spīrāre, -spīrāvī, -spīrātusbreathe back or out, breathe
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
flūmen, -minis, n.river
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
fessus, -a, -umexhausted, worn out, weary
quatiō, -ere, —, quassusshake, beat
aeger, -gra, -grumsick, ill; as noun, a sick man
anhēlitus, -ūs m.panting, breath
artūs, -uum m. pl.joints; limbs, body
dēmum, adv.at last
praeceps, -cipitisheadlong
saltus, -ūs m.wooded pass, forest glade, woodland
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
gurges, -itis m.whirlpool; the deep, the sea
flāvus, -a, -umyellow, golden
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
abluō, -ere, -luī, -lūtuswash off, wash clean
remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend back; give up, remit
Vergil, Aeneid IX. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.