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Vergil · Aeneid VIII

Aeneid 8.671–728

The battle of Actium

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Aen. 8.671Haec inter tumidī lātē maris ībat imāgō
aurea, sed flūctū spūmābant caerula cānō;
Amid these scenes the image of the swelling sea ran far and wide in gold, but the blue foamed with white-crested waves;
Aen. 8.673et circum argentō clārī delphīnēs in orbem
aequora verrēbant caudīs aestumque secābant.
and all round, bright in silver, dolphins in a circle swept the waters with their tails and cut through the surge.
Aen. 8.675In mediō classīs aerātās, Actia bella,
cernere erat, tōtumque īnstrūctō Mārte vidērēs
fervēre Leucātēn aurōque effulgēre flūctūs.
In the middle one could see bronze-beaked fleets, the battle of Actium, and you would have seen all Leucate seething with war arrayed, and the waves ablaze with gold.
Aen. 8.678Hinc Augustus agēns Italōs in proelia Caesar
cum patribus populōque, penātibus et magnīs dīs,
680stāns celsā in puppī;
On this side Augustus Caesar, leading the Italians into battle with the senators and people, with the household gods and the great gods, standing on the high stern;
Aen. 8.680geminās cui tempora flammās
laeta vomunt patriumque aperītur vertice sīdus.
his joyful temples pour forth twin flames, and his father's star dawns above his head.

Aen. 8.682Parte aliā ventīs et dīs Agrippa secundīs
arduus agmen agēns;
Elsewhere Agrippa, with winds and gods favouring, towering high, leading his column;
Aen. 8.683cui, bellī īnsigne superbum,
tempora nāvālī fulgent rōstrātā corōnā.
his temples, proud emblem of war, gleam with the beaked naval crown.
Aen. 8.685Hinc ope barbaricā variīsque Antōnius armīs,
victor ab Aurōrae populīs et lītore rubrō,
Aegyptum vīrēsque Orientis et ultima sēcum
Bactra vehit, sequiturque (nefās) Aegyptia coniūnx.
On that side, with barbaric wealth and motley arms, Antony, victor from the peoples of the Dawn and the Red Sea shore, brings with him Egypt and the forces of the East and furthest Bactra, and there follows him (oh, shame!) his Egyptian wife.
Aen. 8.689Ūnā omnēs ruere, ac tōtum spūmāre reductīs
690convolsum remīs rōstrīsque tridentibus aequor.
All rush on together, and the whole sea foams, torn up by the drawn-back oars and the three-pronged beaks.
Aen. 8.691alta petunt: pelagō crēdās innāre revolsās
Cycladas aut montīs concurrere montibus altōs,
tantā mōle virī turrītīs puppibus īnstant.
They make for the open sea: you would think the Cyclades, uprooted, were swimming on the deep, or high mountains clashing with mountains, with such mass do the men press on in their towered ships.

Aen. 8.694stuppea flamma manū tēlīsque volātile ferrum
695spargitur, arva novā Neptūnia caede rubēscunt.
Flaming tow is flung by hand, and flying steel from weapons; Neptune's fields grow red with fresh slaughter.
Aen. 8.696Rēgīna in mediīs patriō vocat agmina sīstrō
necdum etiam geminōs ā tergō respicit anguīs.
The queen in their midst summons her columns with her native sistrum, and does not yet look back at the twin snakes behind her.
Aen. 8.698omnigenumque deum mōnstra et lātrātor Anūbis
contrā Neptūnum et Venerem contrāque Minervam
700tēla tenent.
Monstrous gods of every kind, and barking Anubis, hold their weapons against Neptune and Venus and against Minerva.
Aen. 8.700Saevit mediō in certāmine Māvors
caelātus ferrō trīstēsque ex aethere Dīrae,
et scissā gaudēns vādit Discordia pallā,
quam cum sanguineō sequitur Bellōna flagellō.
In the middle of the struggle rages Mars, engraved in iron, and the grim Furies from the sky, and Discord strides rejoicing in her torn mantle, and Bellona follows her with bloody whip.
Aen. 8.704Actius haec cernēns arcum tendēbat Apollo
705dēsuper: omnis eō terrōre Aegyptus et Indī,
omnis Arabs, omnēs vertēbant terga Sabaeī.
Seeing this, Actian Apollo was bending his bow from above: in terror at this all Egypt and the Indians, all the Arabs, all the Sabaeans were turning their backs.

Aen. 8.707Ipsa vidēbātur ventīs rēgīna vocātīs
vēla dare et laxōs iam iamque inmittere fūnīs.
The queen herself was seen to call on the winds, to set sail, and to be letting loose the slackened ropes at any moment.
Aen. 8.709Illam inter caedēs pallentem morte futūrā
710fēcerat Ignipotēns undīs et Iāpyge ferrī,
contrā autem magnō maerentem corpore Nīlum
pandentemque sinūs et tōtā veste vocantem
caeruleum in gremium latebrōsaque flūmina victōs.
Her the Lord of Fire had made, amid the slaughter, pale with coming death, borne on by the waves and the west-north-west wind; and opposite, the Nile, mourning with his great body, opening wide his folds and with all his robe calling the conquered into his blue lap and his sheltering streams.
Aen. 8.714At Caesar, triplicī invectus Rōmāna triumphō
715moenia, dīs Ītalīs vōtum inmortāle sacrābat,
maxuma tercentum tōtam dēlūbra per urbem.
But Caesar, borne into the walls of Rome in triple triumph, was dedicating to the gods of Italy his immortal vow, three hundred great shrines throughout the whole city.
Aen. 8.717Laetitiā lūdīsque viae plausūque fremēbant;The streets roared with rejoicing and games and applause; Aen. 8.718omnibus in templīs mātrum chorus, omnibus ārae;in all the temples there was a chorus of mothers, in all there were altars; Aen. 8.719ante ārās terram caesī strāvēre iuvencī.before the altars slain bullocks strewed the ground.

Aen. 8.720Ipse, sedēns niveō candentis līmine Phoebī,
dōna recognōscit populōrum aptatque superbīs
postibus;
He himself, seated on the snowy threshold of shining Phoebus, reviews the gifts of the peoples and fits them to the proud doorposts;
Aen. 8.722incēdunt victae longō ōrdine gentēs,
quam variae linguīs, habitū tam vestis et armīs.
the conquered nations walk in long procession, as varied in their tongues as in their dress and arms.
Aen. 8.724Hīc Nomadum genus et discīnctōs Mulciber Āfrōs,
725hīc Lelegas Cārasque sagittiferōsque Gelōnōs
finxerat;
Here Mulciber had portrayed the race of Nomads and the loose-robed Africans, here the Leleges and Carians and the arrow-bearing Geloni;
Aen. 8.726Euphrātēs ībat iam mollior undīs,
extrēmīque hominum Morinī, Rhēnusque bicornis,
indomitīque Dahae, et pontem indignātus Araxēs.
the Euphrates was flowing, now gentler in its waves, and the Morini, furthest of men, and the two-horned Rhine, and the untamed Dahae, and the Araxes, resenting its bridge.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×4, indirect statement ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (236 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
tumidus, -a, -umswollen, swelling
lātēwidely
mare, maris, n.sea
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
imāgō, -inis f.likeness, image, portrait
aureus, -a, -umof gold, golden
sed, conj.but
flūctus, -ūs m.wave
spūmō, -āre, -āvīfoam, froth
caeruleus, -a, -umdark blue
cānus, -a, -umwhite, grey; (of persons) grey-haired, venerable
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
circum, prep. with acc.around
argentum, -ī, n.silver
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
delphīn, -īnis m. (acc. -īna)dolphin
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
aequor, -oris n.level surface; the sea
verrō, -ere, versussweep
cauda, -ae, f.tail
aestus, -ūs m.heat; tide
que, enclitic conj.and
secō, -āre, secuī, sectuscut; (of fodder) mow
medium, -ī n.the middle; in mediō: in the midst
classis, -is f.fleet
aerātus, -a, -umcovered or fitted with bronze
Actius, -a, -umof Actium in Epirus
bellum, -ī, n.war
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
ferveō, -ēreboil; glow, burn
aurum, -ī, n.gold
effulgeō, -ēre, -fulsīshine out, gleam
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
cum, prep, with abl.with
pater, patris, m.father
populus, -ī m.people, nation
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
deus, -ī, m.god
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
celsus, -a, -umhigh, lofty
puppis, -is f.stern of a ship
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
flamma, -ae, f.flame
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
vomō, -ere, -uī, -itusvomit, spew out, pour forth
patrius, -a, -umof one's fathers, ancestral
aperiō, -īre, -uī, -tusopen
vertex, -icis m.top of the head, crown; summit
sīdus, -eris n.star, constellation
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
ventus, -ī, m.wind
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
arduus, -a, -umsteep, difficult
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
īnsigne, -is n.badge, mark, decoration
superbus, -a, -umproud, arrogant, haughty
nāvālis, -enaval, of ships
fulgeō, -ēre, fulsīflash, shine, glitter
rōstrātus, -a, -umhaving a beak; (of ships) fitted with a ram
corōna, -ae f.crown, wreath (sub corōnā vēndere: sell as slaves)
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
barbaricus, -a, -umforeign, barbarian (here: from the East)
varius, -a, -umvarious
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
aurōra, -ae f.dawn
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
ruber, -bra, -brumred; mare rubrum: the Red Sea (often the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf)
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
oriēns, -entis m.the rising sun; the East
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
vehō, vehere, vexī, vectuscarry
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
nefās n. (indecl.)a sin, a wrong; something forbidden by divine law
Aegyptius, -a, -umEgyptian
coniūnx, coniugis, m. and f.spouse, husband, wife
ūnātogether, along
omnis, -eall, every
ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrusrush
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
redūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or bring back; restore
convellō, -ere, -vellī, -vulsumtear away, wrench loose; shatter
rēmus, -ī, m.oar
rōstrum, -ī, n.beak
tridēns, -entis m.trident
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
pelagus, -ī n.the sea, the open sea
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
innō, -āreswim in, sail on
revellō, -ere, revellī, revulsumpull away, tear off
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
mōns, montis, m.mountain
concurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun, rush, or dash together
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
mōlēs, -is f.mass; dam, breakwater
vir, virī, m.man
turrītus, -a, -umtowered, crowned with towers
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
stuppeus, -a, -umof tow, of hemp
manus, -ūs, f.hand
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
volātilis, -eflying, winged; swift
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsusscatter, sprinkle
arvum, -ī n.ploughed field, field
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
Neptūnius, -a, -umof Neptune; Neptūnia Troia: Troy, whose walls Neptune built
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
rubēscō, -ere, rubuīgrow red, redden
rēgīna, -ae, f.queen
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
sīstrum, -ī n.rattle used in the worship of Isis
necdum (adv.)and not yet, not yet
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
tergum, -ī, n.back
respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook back
anguis, -is, m. and f.serpent, snake
omnigenus, -a, -umof every kind
mōnstrum, -ī, n.wonder, monster
lātrātor, -ōris m.barker; latrator Anubis: the dog-headed god
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
saeviō, -īre, -iī, -ītumrage
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
caelō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusengrave, carve in relief, chase (metal)
trīstis, -esad, gloomy
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
aethēr, -eris m. (acc. aethera)the upper air, the sky
scindō, -ere, scidī, scissumtear down, cut
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsusbe glad, rejoice
vādō, -erego
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
palla, -ae f.long robe, mantle
sanguineus, -a, -umbloody, blood-red
flagellum, -ī n.whip, scourge
arcus, -ūs, m.bow
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
dēsuper, adv.down from above
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
vēlum, -ī n.sail
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
laxus, -a, -umloose, slack
iam, adv.now, already
immittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or let in
fūnis, -is m.rope, cable
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
palleō, -ēre, -uībe pale
mors, mortīs, f.death
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ignipotēns, -entislord of fire (an epithet of Vulcan)
unda, -ae, f.wave
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
maereō, -ēregrieve, be sad
corpus, corporis, n.body
pandō, -ere, pandī, passumspread out (passīs manibus: with hands outstretched)
sinus, -ūs, m.bosom, lap
vestis, -is, f.clothing, dress, robe
gremium, -ī n.lap, bosom
latebrōsus, -a, -umfull of hiding places, porous
flūmen, -minis, n.river
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
at, conj.but
triplex, -icisthreefold, triple
invehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectuscarry in; (pass.) attack (in words): invehī in + acc., to inveigh against
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
triumphus, -ī m.triumph, a victorious general's procession
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
Ītalus, -a, -umItalian
vōtum, -ī n.vow; wish, prayer
immortālis, -eimmortal
sacrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsecrate, dedicate
trecentī, -ae, -athree hundred
dēlūbrum, -ī n.shrine, sanctuary
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
urbs, urbis, f.city
laetitia, -ae, f.joy
lūdus, -ī, m.game, sport
via, -ae, f.road, way
plausus, -ūs, m.applause
fremō, -ere, -uī, -itumroar, growl; grumble (in + acc.: at)
templum, -ī, n.sanctuary, temple
māter, mātris, f.mother
chorus, -ī m.dance in a ring; band of dancers
āra, -ae, f.altar
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
sternō, -ere, strāvī, strātusspread out; furnish with couches (of a room)
iuvencus, -ī m.young bull, bullock
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
niveus, -a, -umsnowy, snow-white
candeō, -ēre, -uīshine, be bright white
līmen, -minis, n.threshold; door
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
recognōscō, -ere, -gnōvī, -gnitusgo over again, review, recall
aptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfit, adjust, make ready
postis, -is m.doorpost; door
incēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumwalk, step, advance
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
lingua, -ae f.tongue; language
habitus, -ūs m.condition, state; bearing, character
tam, adv.so
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
discīnctus, -a, -umungirded, without a belt (and so unarmed)
sagittifer, -era, -erumcarrying arrows
fingō, fingere, finxī, fictusinvent, make up
mollis, -esoft, weak
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
homō, hominis, m.man
bicornis, -etwo-pronged, two-horned
indomitus, -a, -umuntamed, ungovernable
pōns, pontis, m.bridge
indignor, -ārī, -ātus sumbe indignant, resent
Vergil, Aeneid VIII. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.