| hūc, adv. | to this place, hither |
| ubi, adv. | where; conj., when |
| dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus | bear or carry away or off |
| Cūmaeus, -a, -um | of Cumae |
| accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessum | come near, approach; be added |
| urbs, urbis, f. | city |
| dīvīnus, -a, -um | divine, of the gods |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| lacus, -ūs, m. | lake |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| Avernus, -a, -um | of Avernus, the lake near Cumae thought to lead to the underworld; of the underworld |
| sonō, -āre, sonuī, sonitus | make a sound, sound |
| silva, -ae, f. | wood, forest |
| īnsānus, -a, -um | mad, frantic |
| vātēs, -is m. and f. | prophet, seer, soothsayer |
| aspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectus | look at or on, behold |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| rūpēs, -is, f. | rock, cliff; reef |
| sub, prep. with acc. and abl. | under; sub vesperum, towards evening |
| īmus, -a, -um | lowest (ab īmō: from the bottom) |
| fātum, -ī, n. | destiny, fate |
| canō, -ere, cecinī, cantus | sing; of a trumpet: sound (receptuī canere: sound the retreat) |
| folium, -ī n. | leaf |
| nota, -ae f. | mark, sign; brand, stigma |
| nōmen, -minis, n. | name (that by which one is known) |
| mandō, -dāre, -dāvī, -dātus | put in hand, intrust, commit; charge, command |
| quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque | whoever, whatever |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| dēscrībō, -scrībere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptus | write out; mark out, arrange, plan |
| carmen, -minis, n. | song, charm |
| virgō, virginis, f. | maiden |
| dīgerō, -ere, -gessī, -gestus | distribute, arrange; interpret |
| numerus, -ī, m. | number |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| antrum, -ī, n. | cave |
| sēclūdō, -ere, -clūsī, -clūsum | shut away, put aside |
| relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictus | leave behind, leave |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsus | remain |
| immōtus, -a, -um | unmoved, unchanging |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| ōrdō, ōrdinis, m. | arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order |
| cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessum | go, withdraw, give way |
| vērum (conj.) | but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| vertō, vertere, vertī, versus | turn |
| tenuis, -e | thin |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| cardō, -inis m. | hinge (the pivot on which an ancient door turned) |
| ventus, -ī, m. | wind |
| impellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsus | drive or urge on, incite, urge |
| tener, -era, -erum | young, tender |
| turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | confuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble |
| iānua, -ae, f. | door |
| frōns, frondis f. | leafy branch, foliage |
| numquam, adv. | never |
| deinde, adv. | then, next |
| cavus, -a, -um | hollow |
| volitō, -āre, -āvī | fly about; flit, swagger about |
| prēndō, -ere, prēndī, prēnsum | grasp, take hold of |
| saxum, -ī, n. | rock, stone |
| revocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | call back, recall |
| situs, -a, -um | placed, situated |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctus | join; yoke, harness |
| cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | take care of; (+ gerundive) have something done |
| incōnsultus, -a, -um | unadvised, without counsel; rash |
| abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrus | go away, depart |
| sēdēs, -is, f. | seat, abode |
| ōdī, ōdisse, used only in tenses of completed action with the force of tenses of incomplete action | hate |
| hīc, adv. | here; hereupon |
| tū, tuī, pers. pron. | thou, you |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| quis, qua, quid, indef. pron. | any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something |
| mora, -ae, f. | delay |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| dispendium, -ī n. | expense, cost; loss |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| quamvīs (adv.) | however much, as … as you like |
| increpitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | taunt, reproach |
| socius, -ī, m. | companion, comrade, ally |
| vīs, vīs, f. | violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main |
| cursus, -ūs, m. | running, speed; course, route, voyage; race |
| altum, -ī n. | the deep, the open sea; a height |
| vēlum, -ī n. | sail |
| vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | call, summon |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| sinus, -ūs, m. | bosom, lap |
| impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum | fill; fulfil, complete |
| secundus, -a, -um | following, favorable |
| quīn, conj. | so that ... not, but that, but |
| adeō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go to, approach |
| prex, precis f. (usu. pl.) | prayer, entreaty |
| ōrāculum, -ī, n. | oracle |
| poscō, poscere, poposcī | ask, demand |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| vōx, vōcis, f. | voice; word |
| volō, velle, voluī | wish |
| ōs, ōris, n. | mouth |
| resolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtus | untie, loosen; release; break (bonds, oaths) |
| populus, -ī m. | people, nation |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj. | what? |
| quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron. | each |
| modus, -ī, m. | way, manner |
| fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrus | flee, run away |
| ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus | bear, bring |
| labor, -ōris, m. | labor, toil |
| expediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | free, set clear; get ready; arrange, settle |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| veneror, -ārī, -ātus sum | worship, revere |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers. | is lawful or permitted |
| moneō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | warn |
| vādō, -ere | go |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| ingēns, -gentis, adj. | huge, vast |
| factum, -ī n. | deed, act |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| aethēr, -eris m. (acc. aethera) | the upper air, the sky |