| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| dubius, -a, -um | doubtful, uncertain |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | contend, compete, vie |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| aciēs, -ēī, f. | line of battle |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus | move |
| nūntius, -ī, m. | messenger; message |
| ingēns, -gentis, adj. | huge, vast |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| rēgius, -a, -um | royal, kingly |
| tēctum, -ī n. | roof; house |
| tumultus, -ūs m. | uproar, uprising |
| ecce (interj.) | look! see! here is |
| ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrus | rush |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| urbs, urbis, f. | city |
| terror, -ōris, m. | terror, fright |
| impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum | fill; fulfil, complete |
| īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctus | build in or into; draw up; equip, furnish, |
| Tiberīnus, -a, -um | of the Tiber |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| flūmen, -minis, n. | river |
| Tyrrhēnus, -a, -um | Etruscan; mare Tyrrhēnum: the sea west of Italy |
| manus, -ūs, f. | hand |
| tōtus, -a, -um | all the, the whole or entire |
| dēscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsus | climb down, descend |
| campus, -ī, m. | plain, field |
| extemplō, adv. | immediately, straightway, at once |
| turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | confuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble |
| animus, -ī, m. | mind; heart; spirit, courage |
| concutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussus | shake violently; shake, weaken |
| vulgus, -ī n. | the common people, the crowd |
| pectus, pectoris, n. | breast |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| arrigō (adrigō), -ere, -rēxī, -rēctus | set upright; rouse, excite |
| stimulus, -ī m. | goad; in Caesar an iron spike set in the ground |
| haud, adv. | not at all, by no means, not |
| mollis, -e | soft, weak |
| īra, -ae, f. | anger, wrath |
| arma, -ōrum, n. plur. | arms, weapons |
| trepidus, -a, -um | anxious, alarmed; critical, dangerous |
| poscō, poscere, poposcī | ask, demand |
| fremō, -ere, -uī, -itum | roar, growl; grumble (in + acc.: at) |
| iuventūs, -ūtis f. | youth; the young men |
| fleō, -ēre, flēvī, flētum | weep |
| maestus, -a, -um | sad, dejected, gloomy |
| mussō, -āre, -āvī | mutter, murmur; hesitate in silence, be at a loss |
| pater, patris, m. | father |
| hīc, adv. | here; hereupon |
| undique, adv. | from or on all sides |
| clāmor, -ōris, m. | shout, cry |
| dissēnsus, -ūs m. | disagreement, dissent |
| varius, -a, -um | various |
| tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātus | lift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| aura, -ae, f. | air, breeze |
| secus (prep. + acc.) | beside, along |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| altus, -a, -um | high, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep |
| lūcus, -ī m. | sacred grove |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| forte, adv. | by chance, accidentally |
| caterva, -ae f. | crowd, band, troop |
| cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessus | sit down |
| avis, -is, f. | bird |
| piscōsus, -a, -um | full of fish |
| amnis, -is m. | river |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| sonitus, -ūs, m. | sound, noise |
| raucus, -a, -um | hoarse; harsh-sounding, clanging |
| stagnum, -ī n. | pool, standing water |
| loquāx, -ācis | talkative, chattering |
| cycnus, -ī m. | swan |
| immō (adv.) | no rather, on the contrary; immō vērō: no, indeed, even |
| āiō (defective) | say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say |
| ō (interj.) | O! oh! |
| cīvis, -is, m. and f. | citizen, fellow-citizen, subject |
| arripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptus | seize, snatch up |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctus | drive together, collect; compel |
| concilium, -ī n. | meeting, council |
| pāx, pācis f. | peace |
| laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | praise |
| sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessus | sit |
| regnum, -ī, n. | royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| plūrēs, -a, plur. adj. | more, many, several |
| loquor, loquī, locūtus | speak |
| corripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptus | seize, snatch, snatch up |
| citus, -a, -um | quick, swift |
| efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātum | carry out, bring out |
| tū, tuī, pers. pron. | thou, you |
| armō, -āre, -āvi, -ātus | arm, equip |
| ēdīcō, -dīcere, -dīxī, -dictus | declare, proclaim, appoint |
| manipulus, -ī m. | maniple (a company of soldiers) |
| dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus | lead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| frāter, frātris, m. | brother |
| lātus, -a, -um | broad, wide |
| diffundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsus | pour forth, spread or shed abroad, diffuse |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| aditus, -ūs, m. | approach, entrance |
| firmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | strengthen, secure |
| turris, -is f. | tower; siege tower |
| capessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus | take hold of; rem pūblicam capessere: go into public life |
| cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | the other, the remaining, the rest of |
| quā, adv. | in which place, where |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| ego, meī, pers. pron. | I |
| īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātus | bring in or against, wage against; inflict |