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Vergil · Aeneid XI

Aeneid 11.182–202

The Trojans burn their dead

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Aen. 11.182Aurōra intereā miserīs mortālibus almam
extulerat lūcem, referēns opera atque labōrēs:
iam pater Aenēās, iam curvō in lītore Tarchōn
185cōnstituēre pyrās.
Dawn meanwhile had raised her kindly light for wretched mortals, bringing back work and toil: now father Aeneas, now Tarchon set up pyres on the curving shore.
Aen. 11.185Hūc corpora quisque suōrum
mōre tulēre patrum, subiectīsque ignibus ātrīs
conditur in tenebrās altum cālīgine caelum.
Hither each man brought the bodies of his own in the manner of his fathers, and as the black fires are lit beneath, the high sky is buried in darkness and gloom.
Aen. 11.188Ter circum accēnsōs cinctī fulgentibus armīs
dēcurrere rogōs, ter maestum fūneris ignem
190lūstrāvēre in equīs ululātūsque ōre dedēre;
Three times, girt in gleaming armour, they ran around the burning pyres, three times on horseback they circled the mournful fire of the dead and raised wailing cries from their mouths;
Aen. 11.191spargitur et tellūs lacrimīs, sparguntur et arma:
it caelō clamorque virum clangorque tubārum.
the earth is sprinkled with tears, the armour is sprinkled too: the shout of men and the blare of trumpets go up to the sky.

Aen. 11.193Hīc aliī spolia occīsīs dērepta Latīnīs
coniciunt ignī, galeās ēnsēsque decōrōs
195frēnaque ferventīsque rotās;
Here some throw onto the fire spoils torn from the slain Latins, helmets and handsome swords, bridles and glowing wheels;
Aen. 11.195pars mūnera nota,
ipsōrum clipeōs et nōn fēlīcia tēla.
others familiar gifts, the shields of the dead themselves and their luckless weapons.
Aen. 11.197Multa boum circā mactantur corpora Mortī,
saetigerōsque suēs raptāsque ex omnibus agrīs
in flammam iugulant pecudēs.
Around them many bodies of oxen are slaughtered to Death, and over the flame they cut the throats of bristly swine and of flocks seized from all the fields.
Aen. 11.199Tum lītore tōtō
200ārdentīs spectant sociōs sēmustaque servant
busta neque āvellī possunt, nox ūmida dōnec
invertit caelum stellīs ārdentibus aptum.
Then along the whole shore they watch their comrades burning and guard the half-burnt pyres, and cannot be torn away, until dewy night turns the sky round, studded with blazing stars.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (109 words)
aurōra, -ae f.dawn
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
mortālis, -emortal
almus, -a, -umnourishing, kindly
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
lūx, lūcis, f.light
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
opus, operis, n.work, task
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
iam, adv.now, already
pater, patris, m.father
curvus, -a, -umcurved, bent
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
pyra, -ae f.funeral pyre
hūc, adv.to this place, hither
corpus, corporis, n.body
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
subiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow or place under
que, enclitic conj.and
ignis, -is, m.fire
āter, ātra, ātrumblack, dark; gloomy
condō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput together, found; store away
tenebrae, -ārum f. pl.darkness
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
cālīgō, -inis f.mist, fog; darkness, gloom
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
ter (adv.)three times
circum, prep. with acc.around
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
cingō, cingere, cinxī, cinctussurround, gird
fulgeō, -ēre, fulsīflash, shine, glitter
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
dēcurrō, -currere, -cucurrī, -cursusrun down
rogus, -ī, m.funeral pile, pyre
maestus, -a, -umsad, dejected, gloomy
fūnus, -eris n.funeral
lūstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspurify by sacrifice; review (an army)
equus, -ī, m.horse
ululātus, -ūs m.howling, yelling, war-cry
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsusscatter, sprinkle
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
tellūs, -ūris f.earth, land (poetic)
lacrima, -ae, f.tear
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
vir, virī, m.man
clangor, -ōris m.loud cry, screech; blare
tuba, -ae f.trumpet
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
spolium, -ī n.spoils, booty (usu. pl.)
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
dēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch away, tear off, pull down
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow together; throw, cast, hurl
galea, -ae, f.helmet
ēnsis, -is m.sword (a poetic word)
decōrus, -a, -umhandsome, fine, splendid
frēnum, -ī n.bridle, rein
ferveō, -ēreboil; glow, burn
rota, -ae f.wheel
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
clipeus, -ī m. (also clipeum, -ī n.)round bronze shield
nōn, adv.not
fēlīx, -īcisfortunate, lucky, happy
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
bōs, bovis, gen. plur. boum, dat. and abl. plur. bōbus, m. and f.ox, bull, cow
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
mactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussacrifice; slaughter; punish
mors, mortīs, f.death
saetiger, -era, -erumbristly, bristle-bearing
sūs, suis m./f.pig, boar
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
omnis, -eall, every
ager, agri, m.field, land
flamma, -ae, f.flame
iugulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscut the throat of, murder
pecus, pecudis, f.head of cattle, beast, sheep, goat
tum, adv.then, at that time
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsusbe on fire, burn
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
sēmustus (sēmiustus), -a, -umhalf-burnt
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
bustum, -ī n.tomb, grave mound (originally the place where a body was burned)
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
āvellō, -ere, -vellī (-vulsī), -vulsustear away, wrench off
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
nox, noctis, f.night
ūmidus, -a, -umwet, damp, moist
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
invertō, -ere, -vertī, -versusturn upside down, upturn; reverse, invert
stēlla, -ae f.star
aptus, -a, -umfit, suited
Vergil, Aeneid XI. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.