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Vergil · Aeneid XI

Aeneid 11.1–28

Aeneas raises a trophy

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Aen. 11.1Oceanum intereā surgēns Aurōra relīquit:
Aenēās, quamquam et sociīs dare tempus humandīs
praecipitant cūrae turbātaque fūnere mēns est,
vōta deum prīmō victor solvēbat Eōō.
Meanwhile Dawn rose and left the Ocean: Aeneas, although his cares urge him to give time to burying his comrades and his mind is troubled by the death, was paying his vows to the gods as victor at first light.
Aen. 11.5Ingentem quercum dēcīsīs undique rāmīs
cōnstituit tumulō fulgentiaque induit arma,
Mezentī ducis exuviās, tibi, magne, tropaeum,
bellipotēns: aptat rōrantīs sanguine cristās
tēlaque trunca virī et bis sex thōraca petītum
10perfossumque locīs clipeumque ex aere sinistrae
subligat atque ēnsem collō suspendit eburnum.
He sets up on a mound a huge oak, its branches lopped all round, and dresses it in gleaming arms, the spoils of the leader Mezentius, a trophy to you, great one, mighty in war: he fits on it the crests dripping with blood and the man's broken spears, and the breastplate struck and pierced in twice six places; he binds the bronze shield to its left hand and hangs the ivory sword from its neck.

Aen. 11.12Tum sociōs, namque omnis eum stīpāta tegēbat
turba ducum, sīc incipiēns hortātur ovantīs:
Maxima rēs effecta, virī;
Then he exhorts his exultant comrades (for the whole throng of leaders crowded round and covered him), beginning thus: 'The greatest deed is done, men;
Aen. 11.14timor omnis abestō,
15quod superest: haec sunt spolia et dē rēge superbō
prīmitiae, manibusque meīs Mezentius hic est.
let all fear be gone for what remains: these are the spoils and first fruits taken from a proud king, and this, by my hands, is Mezentius.
Aen. 11.17Nunc iter ad rēgem nōbīs mūrōsque Latīnōs.Now our way lies to the king and the Latin walls. Aen. 11.18Arma parāte animīs et spē praesūmite bellum,
nequa morā ignārōs, ubi prīmum vellere signa
20adnuerint superī pūbemque ēdūcere castrīs,
impediat segnisve metū sententia tardet.
Make ready your arms in spirit and anticipate the war with hope, so that no delay may hinder you unawares, as soon as the gods above give the nod to pluck up the standards and lead the young men out of camp, and no purpose made sluggish by fear may slow you.

Aen. 11.22Intereā sociōs inhumātaque corpora terrae
mandēmus, quī sōlus honōs Acheronte sub īmō est.
Meanwhile let us commit our comrades and their unburied bodies to the earth, which is the only honour beneath deep Acheron.
Aen. 11.24Īte, ait, ēgregiās animās, quae sanguine nōbīs
25hanc patriam peperēre suō, decorāte suprēmīs
mūneribus, maestamque Evandrī prīmus ad urbem
mittātur Pallās, quem nōn virtūtis egentem
abstulit ātra diēs et fūnere mersit acerbō.
Go,' he says, 'honour with the last gifts those noble souls who with their blood have won for us this fatherland, and first let Pallas be sent to the grieving city of Evander, whom, not lacking in courage, the black day carried off and plunged in bitter death.'

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (144 words)
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctusrise, get up, stand up
aurōra, -ae f.dawn
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
quamquam, conj.however much, although
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
humō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbury
praecipitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrow headlong; sē praecipitāre: hurl oneself
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
que, enclitic conj.and
fūnus, -eris n.funeral
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
vōtum, -ī n.vow; wish, prayer
deus, -ī, m.god
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
Eōus, -a, -umof the dawn, eastern
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
quercus, -ūs f.oak tree
dēcīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut off, lop off; settle, decide
undique, adv.from or on all sides
rāmus, -ī, m.branch, bough
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
tumulus, -ī m.mound, hillock
fulgeō, -ēre, fulsīflash, shine, glitter
induō, induere, induī, indūtusput on; clothe
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
exuviae, -ārum f. pl.spoils; the skins (of animals) stripped off
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
tropaeum, -ī n.trophy, monument of victory; a victory
bellipotēns, -entismighty in war; (m.) the war god
aptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfit, adjust, make ready
rōrō, -āre, -āvīdrip, be wet, drop dew
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
crista, -ae f.crest, plume (of a helmet)
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
truncus, -ī m.tree trunk
vir, virī, m.man
bis (adv.)twice
sex (indecl.)six
thōrāx, -ācis m.breastplate, cuirass
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
perfodiō, -fodere, -fōdī, -fossusdig or pierce through, transfix
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
clipeus, -ī m. (also clipeum, -ī n.)round bronze shield
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
aes, aeris, n.copper, bronze
sinister, -tra, -trumleft
subligō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbind on, fasten below
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ēnsis, -is m.sword (a poetic word)
collum, -ī, n.neck
suspendō, -pendere, -pendī, -pēnsushang up, hang
eburnus, -a, -umof ivory, ivory
tum, adv.then, at that time
namque, conj.for
omnis, -eall, every
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
stīpō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscrowd together; surround
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
turba, -ae f.crowd
sīc, adv.so, thus
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
hortor, -ārī, -ātusexhort, encourage, urge
ovō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrejoice, exult; celebrate a minor triumph
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
timor, -ōris, m.fear
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
spolium, -ī n.spoils, booty (usu. pl.)
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
rēx, rēgis, m.king
superbus, -a, -umproud, arrogant, haughty
prīmitiae, -ārum f. pl.first fruits; first spoils, first trial
manus, -ūs, f.hand
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
nunc, adv.now
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
nōsplur. of ego
mūrus, -ī, m.wall
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
spēs, speī, f.hope
praesūmō, -ere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake beforehand; anticipate; presume, take for granted
bellum, -ī, n.war
nē qua (nē + qua, fem. of the indefinite quis)let no ..., lest any
mora, -ae, f.delay
ignārus, -a, -umignorant
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
vellō, -ere, vellī, vulsumpluck, pull
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
adnuō, -ere, -nuī, -nūtumnod, nod assent
superī, -ōrum m. pl.the gods above
pūbēs, -erisadult, grown-up (of men of military age)
ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead out, draw
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
segnis, -eslow, sluggish, idle
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
tardō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumslow down, check
inhumātus, -a, -umunburied
corpus, corporis, n.body
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
mandō, -dāre, -dāvī, -dātusput in hand, intrust, commit; charge, command
sōlus, -a, -umalone
honor, -ōris, m.honor
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
īmus, -a, -umlowest (ab īmō: from the bottom)
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
ēgregius, -a, -umoutstanding, excellent
anima, -ae, f.breath, soul, life
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
decorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusadorn, distinguish
suprēmus, -a, -umhighest, last
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
maestus, -a, -umsad, dejected, gloomy
urbs, urbis, f.city
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
nōn, adv.not
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
egēns, egentisneedy, poor
auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātusbear away, carry off
āter, ātra, ātrumblack, dark; gloomy
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
mergō, mergere, mersī, mersusdip, plunge, sink
acerbus, -a, -umbitter, harsh, painful
Vergil, Aeneid XI. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.