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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.97

The army decays in Rome

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Hist. 2.97.1Sed mīles, plēnīs castrīs et redundante multitūdine, in porticibus aut dēlūbrīs et urbe tōtā vagus, nōn prīncipia nōscere, nōn servāre vigiliās neque labōre firmārī: per inlecebrās urbis et inhonesta dictū corpus ōtiō, animum libīdinibus imminuēbant.But the soldiers, with the camp full and the multitude overflowing, wandering in porticoes or shrines and throughout the whole city, did not know their headquarters, did not keep watches, and were not hardened by toil: through the allurements of the city and practices shameful to speak of, they weakened their bodies by idleness and their minds by lusts. Hist. 2.97.1Postrēmō nē salūtis quidem cūra īnfāmibus Vāticānī locīs magna pars tetendit, unde crēbrae in vulgus mortēs;Finally, without care even for their health, a large part of them encamped in the unhealthy Vatican district, which led to frequent deaths among the common soldiers; Hist. 2.97.1et adiacente Tiberī Germānōrum Gallōrumque obnoxia morbīs corpora flūminis aviditās et aestūs impatientia labefēcit.and, with the Tiber close by, the bodies of the Germans and Gauls, susceptible to disease, were undermined by their greed for the river and their inability to bear the heat.

Hist. 2.97.1Īnsuper cōnfūsus prāvitāte vel ambitū ōrdō mīlitiae: sēdecim praetōriae, quattuor urbānae cohortēs scrībēbantur, quīs singula mīlia īnessent.In addition, the order of the service was thrown into confusion through depravity or favouritism: sixteen praetorian and four urban cohorts were being enrolled, each to contain a thousand men. Hist. 2.97.1Plūs in eō dīlēctū Valēns audēbat, tamquam ipsum Caecīnam perīculō exēmisset.Valens ventured more in that levy, as if he had rescued Caecina himself from danger. Hist. 2.97.1Sānē adventū eius partēs convaluerant, et sinistrum lentī itineris rūmōrem prosperō proeliō verterat.Certainly on his arrival the party had recovered its strength, and he had reversed the unfavourable rumour about his slow march by a successful battle. Hist. 2.97.1Omnisque īnferiōris Germāniae mīles Valentem adsectābātur, unde prīmum crēditur Caecīnae fidēs fluitāsse.And all the soldiers of Lower Germany attached themselves to Valens, and this is believed to be when Caecina's loyalty first began to waver.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (96 words)
sed, conj.but
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
plēnus, -a, -umfull
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
redundō, -āre, -āvīoverflow, spill over (onto); recoil (on)
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
porticus, -ūs f.colonnade, covered walk
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
dēlūbrum, -ī n.shrine, sanctuary
urbs, urbis, f.city
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
vagus, -a, -umwandering, roaming
nōn, adv.not
prīncipium, -ī n.beginning; prīncipiō, in the first place
nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtumget to know (perf. nōvī: know)
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
vigilia, -ae, f.watch
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
firmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstrengthen, secure
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
inlecebra, -ae f.allurement, enticement, charm
inhonestus, -a, -umdishonourable, shameful
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
corpus, corporis, n.body
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
imminuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtuslessen, diminish; passive: go down
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
īnfāmis, -eof ill repute, notorious
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
unde, adv.whence
crēber, -bra, -brumfrequent, numerous; close together
vulgus, -ī n.the common people, the crowd
mors, mortīs, f.death
adiaceō, -ēre, -uīlie next to, border on
que, enclitic conj.and
obnoxius, -a, -umliable, exposed; indebted, under obligation (to: dat.)
morbus, -ī m.sickness, disease
flūmen, -minis, n.river
aviditās, -ātis f.greed, eager desire
aestus, -ūs m.heat; tide
impatientia, -ae f.inability to endure, intolerance; impatience
labefaciō, -ere, -fēcī, -factusmake totter, shake, weaken
īnsuper (adv.)above, on top; besides
cōnfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour together, mingle; throw into disorder, confuse
prāvitās, -ātis f.depravity, wickedness; perversity
velor; vel … vel: either … or
ambitus, -ūs m.canvassing for office; bribery at elections (lēgēs ambitus: the bribery laws)
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
sēdecim (indecl.)sixteen
praetōrius, -a, -umof the commander (praetōria cohors: bodyguard)
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
urbānus, -a, -umof the city (Rome), urban
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
īnsum, inesse, īnfuībe in, be present in (dat.)
plūs (adv.)more
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
eximō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake away, remove; use up (a day)
sānē, adv.certainly, by all means; very
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
convalēscō, -ere, -valuīgrow strong, recover
sinister, -tra, -trumleft
lentus, -a, -umslow, sluggish
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
rūmor, -ōris m.rumour, report
prosperus, -a, -umfavourable, successful, prosperous
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
omnis, -eall, every
īnferus, -a, -um; comp. īnferiorbelow, lower; īnferior pars: the part downstream
assector (adsector), -ārī, -ātus sumattend, follow constantly, court
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
fluitō, -āre, -āvīfloat, drift
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.