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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.26

Caecina's ambush at Castores

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Hist. 2.26.1Intereā Paulīnī et Celsī ductū rēs ēgregiē gestae.Meanwhile, under the leadership of Paulinus and Celsus, there were brilliant successes. Hist. 2.26.1Angēbant Caecīnam nēquīquam omnia coepta et senēscēns exercitūs suī fāma.Caecina was tormented by the failure of all his undertakings and by the fading reputation of his army. Hist. 2.26.1Pulsus Placentiā, caesīs nūper auxiliīs, etiam per concursum explōrātōrum, crēbra magis quam digna memorātū proelia, īnferior, propinquante Fabiō Valente, nē omne bellī decus illūc concēderet, reciperāre glōriam avidius quam cōnsultius properābat.Driven from Placentia, his auxiliaries recently cut down, worsted even in clashes of scouts, engagements more frequent than worth recording, and with Fabius Valens approaching, he hastened, lest all the glory of the war should pass to him, to recover his reputation more eagerly than wisely. Hist. 2.26.1Ad duodecimum ā Cremōnā (locus Castorum vocātur) ferōcissimōs auxiliārium imminentibus viae lūcīs occultōs compōnit: equitēs prōcēdere longius iussī et inrītātō proeliō sponte refugī festīnātiōnem sequentium ēlicere, dōnec īnsidiae coorerentur.At the twelfth milestone from Cremona (the place is called Castores) he posts the fiercest of his auxiliaries hidden in the woods that overhang the road: the cavalry were ordered to advance further and, having provoked a fight, to retreat of their own accord and draw the enemy into a hasty pursuit, until the ambush should spring up.

Hist. 2.26.1Prōditum id Othōniānīs ducibus, et cūram peditum Paulīnus, equitum Celsus sūmpsēre.This was betrayed to the Othonian generals, and Paulinus took charge of the infantry, Celsus of the cavalry. Hist. 2.26.1Tertiae decimae legiōnis vēxillum, quattuor auxiliōrum cohortēs et quīngentī equitēs in sinistrō locantur;A detachment of the Thirteenth Legion, four auxiliary cohorts and five hundred cavalry are placed on the left; Hist. 2.26.1aggerem viae trēs praetōriae cohortēs altīs ōrdinibus obtinuēre;three praetorian cohorts in deep ranks held the raised causeway of the road; Hist. 2.26.1dextrā fronte prīma legiō incessit cum duābus auxiliāribus cohortibus et quīngentīs equitibus: super hōs ex praetōriō auxiliīsque mīlle equitēs, cumulus prosperīs aut subsidium labōrantibus, dūcēbantur.on the right front the First Legion advanced with two auxiliary cohorts and five hundred cavalry: besides these, a thousand cavalry from the praetorians and the auxiliaries were brought up, to crown success or to support those in difficulty.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (106 words)
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ductus, -ūs m.leadership, command
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
ēgregiē, adv.excellently, splendidly, admirably
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
angō, -ere, ānxīchoke; (pass.) be vexed, be distressed
nēquīquam (adv.)in vain, without reason
omnis, -eall, every
coeptum, -ī n.undertaking, a thing begun
senēscō, -ere, senuīgrow old
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
nūper, adv.newly, lately, recently
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
concursus, -ūs m.a running together, charge
explōrātor, -ōris, m.explorer, scout, spy
crēber, -bra, -brumfrequent, numerous; close together
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
īnferior, -iuslower
propinquō, -āre, -āvīdraw near, approach
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
bellum, -ī, n.war
decus, -oris n.honour, glory; what is fitting, propriety
illūc (adv.)to that place, there
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
reciperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusget back, recover
glōria, -ae, f.glory
avidē (adv.)eagerly, greedily
cōnsultē (adv.)deliberately, with forethought
properō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushasten
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
duodecimus, -a, -umtwelfth
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
auxiliāris, -e; as noun, -is m.auxiliary; (pl.) auxiliary troops
immineō, -ērehang over; threaten, be close at hand
via, -ae, f.road, way
lūcus, -ī m.sacred grove
occultus, -a, -umhidden, secret
compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput together; mend, set in order
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
longē, adv.far
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
irrītō (inrītō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusprovoke, stir up
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
refugus, -a, -umfleeing back, receding
festīnātiō, -ōnis f.haste, hurry
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
ēliciō, -ere, -uī, -ituslure out, draw out, entice
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
coorior, -orīrī, -ortusarise
prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditumhand down; betray
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
Othōniānus, -a, -umof Otho, Othonian; (m. pl. as noun) Otho's supporters
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
tertius, -a, -umthird
decimus, -a, -umtenth
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
vēxillum, -ī n.banner, flag
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
quīngentī, -ae, -afive hundred
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
sinister, -tra, -trumleft
locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplace; let out a contract for (a public work)
agger, aggeris m.mound, siege ramp
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
praetōrius, -a, -umof the commander (praetōria cohors: bodyguard)
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
obtineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold
dexter, -tra, -trumright
frōns, frontis, f.forehead
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
incēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumwalk, step, advance
cum, prep, with abl.with
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
praetōrium, -ī n.governor's residence, headquarters
que, enclitic conj.and
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
cumulus, -ī m.heap, pile
prosperus, -a, -umfavourable, successful, prosperous
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
subsidium, -ī, n.reserve, reinforcement, support, help
labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslabor, toil
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.