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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.100

Birthday games and rites for Nero

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Hist. 2.100.1Quīn et nātālem Vitelliī diem Caecīna ac Valēns ēditīs tōtā urbe vīcātim gladiātōribus celebrāvēre, ingentī parātū et ante illum diem īnsolitō.Further, Caecina and Valens celebrated Vitellius' birthday by putting on gladiatorial shows throughout the whole city, district by district, with huge preparations unheard of before that day. Hist. 2.100.1Laetum foedissimō cuique apud bonōs invidiae fuit quod extrūctīs in campō Mārtiō ārīs īnferiās Nerōnī fēcisset.It delighted all the most disgraceful, and roused odium among good men, that he had altars set up on the Campus Martius and made offerings to the shade of Nero. Hist. 2.100.1Caesae pūblicē victimae cremātaeque;Victims were slaughtered and burned at public expense; Hist. 2.100.1facem Augustālēs subdidēre, quod sacerdōtium, ut Rōmulus Tatiō rēgī, ita Caesar Tiberius Iūliae gentī sacrāvit.the Augustales lit the fire beneath, a priesthood which Tiberius Caesar dedicated to the Julian family, as Romulus did one to King Tatius. Hist. 2.100.1Nōndum quartus ā victōriā mēnsis, et lībertus Vitelliī Asiāticus Polyclītōs Patrobiōs et vetera odiōrum nōmina aequābat.Not yet was it the fourth month after the victory, and Vitellius' freedman Asiaticus was already rivalling the Polyclituses and Patrobiuses and the old names of hatred.

Hist. 2.100.1Nēmō in illā aulā probitāte aut industriā certāvit: ūnum ad potentiam iter, prōdigīs epulīs et sūmptū gāneāque satiāre inexplēbilīs Vitelliī libīdinēs.No one in that court competed in honesty or industry: there was one road to power, to sate Vitellius' insatiable appetites with prodigal banquets, expense and gluttony. Hist. 2.100.1Ipse abundē ratus sī praesentibus fruerētur, nec in longius cōnsultāns, noviēns mīliēns sēstertium paucissimīs mēnsibus intervertisse crēditur.He himself, thinking it enough if he enjoyed the present, and taking no thought for the future, is believed to have squandered nine hundred million sesterces in a very few months. Hist. 2.100.1Magna et misera cīvitās, eōdem annō Othōnem Vitellium passa, inter Vīniōs Fabiōs Icelōs Asiāticōs variā et pudendā sorte agēbat, dōnec successēre Mūciānus et Marcellus et magis aliī hominēs quam aliī mōrēs.The great and wretched city, having endured Otho and Vitellius in the same year, lived through varied and shameful fortunes among men like Vinius, Fabius, Icelus and Asiaticus, until Mucianus and Marcellus succeeded them, other men rather than other ways.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (107 words)
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
nātālis, -eof birth (diēs nātālis: birthday)
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
urbs, urbis, f.city
vīcātim (adv.)street by street; village by village
gladiātor, -ōris m.gladiator; as an insult: cutthroat, ruffian
celebrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrong; keep (a festival), celebrate
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
parātus, -ūs m.preparation, provision
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
īnsolitus, -a, -umunaccustomed; unusual, strange
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
foedus, -a, -umfoul, loathsome, hideous
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
bonus, -a, -umgood
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quod, conj.that, in that, because
exstruō, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctuspile or heap up, build, erect
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
Mārtius, -a, -umof Mars; campus Mārtius, the Field of Mars outside the old city
āra, -ae, f.altar
īnferiae, -ārum f. pl.offerings to the dead, funeral rites
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
pūblicē (adv.)officially, as a state
victima, -ae, f.victim
cremō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumburn
que, enclitic conj.and
fax, facis, f.torch, firebrand
Augustālis, -eof Augustus; m. pl. Augustales: priests of the deified Augustus
subdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput under, apply
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
sacerdōtium, -ī n.priesthood
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
rēx, rēgis, m.king
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
Iūlius, -a, -umof Julius, Julian; lēx Iūlia: a law carried by C. Julius Caesar
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
sacrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsecrate, dedicate
nōndum, adv.not yet
quartus, -a, -umfourth
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
victōria, -ae, f.victory
mēnsis, -is m.month
lībertus, -ī m.freedman (a former slave, in relation to his former master)
vetus, veterisold, former
odium, -ī, n.hatred
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
aula, -ae f.courtyard; hall, palace
probitās, -ātis f.honesty, uprightness
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
industria, -ae f.diligence, hard work
certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscontend, compete, vie
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
potentia, -ae f.power, influence
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
prōdigus, -a, -umwasteful, extravagant; as noun, a spendthrift
epulae, -ārum f. pl.feast, banquet
sūmptus, -ūs m.expense
gānea, -ae f.low eating-house; gluttony, debauchery
satiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfill, satisfy; satiārī, eat one's fill
inexplēbilis, -einsatiable
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
abundē (adv.)in plenty, more than enough
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
sī, conj.if
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
fruor, -ī, frūctus sum (+ abl.)enjoy
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
cōnsultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdeliberate, take counsel; consult the interests of (+ dat.)
noviēns (adv.)nine times
mīliēns (adv.)a thousand times; (with sēstertium) a hundred million sesterces
sēstertius, -ī m. (gen. pl. often sēstertium)a sesterce, a small silver (later brass) coin
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
intervertō, -ere, -vertī, -versusembezzle, squander; intercept, divert
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
annus, -ī, m.year
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
varius, -a, -umvarious
pudet, -ēre, puduit (impers.)it shames, one is ashamed
sors, sortis, f.lot
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
succēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo or come under, follow after, succeed
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
homō, hominis, m.man
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.