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Tacitus · Historiae I

Histories 1.9

Upper Germany, Britain and Illyricum

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Hist. 1.9.1Superior exercitus lēgātum Hordeōnium Flaccum spernēbat, senectā ac dēbilitāte pedum invalidum, sine cōnstantiā, sine auctōritāte: nē quiētō quidem mīlite regimen;The Upper army despised its legate Hordeonius Flaccus, enfeebled by old age and lameness, without firmness, without authority: he could not have controlled the soldiers even had they been quiet; Hist. 1.9.1adeō furentēs īnfirmitāte retinentis ultrō accendēbantur.so much the more were the furious inflamed by the weakness of the man restraining them. Hist. 1.9.1Īnferiōris Germāniae legiōnēs diūtius sine cōnsulārī fuēre, dōnec missū Galbae A. Vitellius aderat, cēnsōris Vitelliī ac ter cōnsulis fīlius: id satis vidēbātur.The legions of Lower Germany were for a long time without a consular governor, until, sent by Galba, Aulus Vitellius arrived, son of the Vitellius who had been censor and three times consul: that seemed enough. Hist. 1.9.1In Britannicō exercitū nihil īrārum.In the army in Britain there was no anger. Hist. 1.9.1Nōn sānē aliae legiōnēs per omnīs cīvīlium bellōrum mōtūs innocentius ēgērunt, seu quia procul et Oceanō dīvīsae, seu crēbrīs expedītiōnibus doctae hostem potius ōdisse.Indeed, no other legions behaved more blamelessly through all the upheavals of the civil wars, whether because they were far off and separated by the Ocean, or because frequent campaigns had taught them to hate the enemy instead.

Hist. 1.9.1Quiēs et Illyricō, quamquam excitae ā Nerōne legiōnēs, dum in Ītaliā cūnctantur, Verginium lēgātiōnibus adīssent: sed longīs spatiīs discrētī exercitūs, quod salūberrimum est ad continendam mīlitārem fidem, nec vitiīs nec vīribus miscēbantur.There was quiet in Illyricum too, although the legions summoned by Nero, while they lingered in Italy, had approached Verginius with embassies: but the armies, separated by long distances, which is the most effective way of keeping soldiers loyal, did not combine either their vices or their strength.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (85 words)
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
spernō, spernere, sprēvī, sprētusdespise, scorn
senecta, -ae f.old age (poetic)
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
dēbilitās, -ātis f.weakness, infirmity, disability
pēs, pedis, m.foot
invalidus, -a, -umweak, infirm
sine, prep. with abl.without
cōnstantia, -ae f.steadiness, firmness
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
regimen, -inis n.direction, guidance, control; government
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
furō, -ererage, rave, be mad
īnfirmitās, -ātis f.weakness; fickleness
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
īnferior, -iuslower
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
missus, -ūs m.sending (only abl. missū: at someone's bidding)
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
cēnsor, -ōris m.censor, the magistrate who kept the citizen and senate rolls and could expel unworthy senators
ter (adv.)three times
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
fīlius, -ī, m.son
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
Britannicus, -a, -umBritish, in Britain
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
nōn, adv.not
sānē, adv.certainly, by all means; very
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
omnis, -eall, every
cīvīlis, -eof citizens; bellum cīvīle: civil war
bellum, -ī, n.war
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
innocenter (adv.)blamelessly, harmlessly, with integrity
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
quia (conj.)because
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
crēber, -bra, -brumfrequent, numerous; close together
expedītiō, -ōnis f.expedition, raid
doctus, -a, -umlearned, skilled, trained (in: abl.)
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
potius (adv.)rather
ōdī, ōdisse, used only in tenses of completed action with the force of tenses of incomplete actionhate
quiēs, quiētis, f.rest, repose
quamquam, conj.however much, although
exciō, -īre, -cīvī, -citusrouse, stir up; summon
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
cūnctor, -ārī, -ātus sumdelay, hesitate
lēgātiō, -ōnis f.embassy, mission
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
sed, conj.but
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
discernō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētusseparate; distinguish, tell apart
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
salūber (salūbris), -bris, -brehealthy, wholesome, beneficial
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
Tacitus, Historiae I. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.