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Tacitus · Historiae I

Histories 1.72

Northern Italy goes over to Vitellius

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Hist. 1.72.1Caecīna paucōs in Helvētiīs morātus diēs dum sententiae Vitelliī certior fieret, simul trānsitum Alpium parāns, laetum ex Ītaliā nūntium accipit alam Siliānam circā Padum agentem sacrāmentō Vitelliī accessisse.Caecina, after lingering a few days among the Helvetii until he could learn Vitellius' decision, and at the same time preparing the crossing of the Alps, receives glad news from Italy that the Silian cavalry, stationed around the Po, had come over to Vitellius' oath. Hist. 1.72.1Prō cōnsule Vitellium Siliānī in Āfricā habuerant;The Silian troopers had had Vitellius as their proconsul in Africa; Hist. 1.72.1mox ā Nerōne, ut in Aegyptum praemitterentur, excitī et ob bellum Vindicis revocātī ac tum in Ītaliā manentēs, īnstīnctū decuriōnum, quī Othōnis ignārī, Vitelliō obstrictī rōbur adventantium legiōnum et fāmam Germānicī exercitūs attollēbant, trānsiēre in partīs et ut dōnum aliquod novō prīncipī firmissima trānspadānae regiōnis mūnicipia, Mediolānum ac Novāriam et Eporēdiam et Vercellās, adiūnxēre.later they had been summoned by Nero to be sent ahead into Egypt, recalled because of the war with Vindex, and were then still in Italy; at the instigation of their decurions, who knew nothing of Otho, were bound to Vitellius, and kept extolling the strength of the approaching legions and the fame of the German army, they went over to his side and, as a kind of gift to the new emperor, brought with them the strongest towns of the region beyond the Po, Mediolanum and Novaria, Eporedia and Vercellae.

Hist. 1.72.1Id Caecīnae per ipsōs compertum.Caecina learned this from the men themselves. Hist. 1.72.1Et quia praesidiō alae ūnīus lātissima Ītaliae pars dēfendī nequībat, praemissīs Gallōrum Lūsītānōrumque et Britannōrum cohortibus et Germānōrum vēxillīs cum alā Petriānā, ipse paulum cūnctātus est num Raeticīs iugīs in Nōricum flecteret adversus Petrōnium Vrbicum prōcūrātōrem, quī concitīs auxiliīs et interruptīs flūminum pontibus fīdus Othōnī putābātur.And because the widest part of Italy could not be defended by the garrison of a single cavalry regiment, he sent ahead the cohorts of Gauls, Lusitanians and Britons and detachments of Germans with the Petrian cavalry, and himself hesitated a little over whether to turn by the Raetian ridges into Noricum against Petronius Urbicus, the procurator, who, having called out auxiliaries and broken the bridges over the rivers, was thought to be loyal to Otho. Hist. 1.72.1Sed metū nē āmitteret praemissās iam cohortīs alāsque, simul reputāns plūs glōriae retentā Ītaliā et, ubicumque certātum foret, Nōricōs in cētera victōriae praemia cessūrōs, Poenīnō itinere subsignānum mīlitem et grave legiōnum agmen hībernīs adhūc Alpibus trānsdūxit.But for fear of losing the cohorts and cavalry already sent ahead, and reckoning at the same time that there was more glory in holding Italy and that, wherever the contest was fought, the Norici would fall with the other prizes of victory, he led the troops under the standards and the heavy column of the legions across by the Pennine route while the Alps were still in the grip of winter.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×1, purpose clauses ×1, ablative absolute ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (115 words)
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
trānsitus, -ūs m.crossing, passage
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
ala, -ae, f.wing
Siliānus, -a, -umSilian; ala Siliana: a cavalry regiment named after Silius
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
sacrāmentum, -ī n.military oath (of allegiance)
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
mox, adv.soon
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
praemittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend ahead
exciō, -īre, -cīvī, -citusrouse, stir up; summon
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
bellum, -ī, n.war
revocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcall back, recall
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
tum, adv.then, at that time
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
īnstīnctus, -ūs m.prompting, instigation, impulse
decuriō, -ōnis m.cavalry officer, decurion
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ignārus, -a, -umignorant
obstringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictumbind, put under obligation
rōbur, rōboris, n.oak
adventō, -āre, -āvīcome nearer and nearer, approach
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
Germānicus, -a, -umGerman, of the Germans
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
attollō, -erelift up, raise
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
firmus, -a, -umstrong, steadfast
Trānspadānus, -a, -umliving beyond the Po; as a noun, a man from north of the Po
regiō, -ōnis, f.direction; country, region
mūnicipium, -ī n.municipium, a self-governing Italian town with Roman citizenship
adiungo, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to, join
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
comperiō, -īre, comperī, compertumfind out, learn
quia (conj.)because
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
lātus, -a, -umbroad, wide
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
nequeō, -īre, -īvībe unable, cannot
que, enclitic conj.and
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
vēxillum, -ī n.banner, flag
cum, prep, with abl.with
Petriānus, -a, -umPetrian; ala Petriana: a cavalry regiment
paulum, adv.a little, somewhat
cūnctor, -ārī, -ātus sumdelay, hesitate
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
num, adv., introducing a question to which a negative answer is expecteduntranslatable
Raeticus (Rhaeticus), -a, -umRaetian, of Raetia; Alpēs Raeticae: the Raetian Alps
iugum, -ī, n.yoke
flectō, -ere, flexī, flexusbend, turn
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
prōcūrātor, -ōris m.manager, agent; regent
concieō, -ēre, -cīvī, -citusbring together, gather; stir up
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
interrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptusbreak down, break apart
flūmen, -minis, n.river
pōns, pontis, m.bridge
fīdus, -a, -umfaithful, loyal, trustworthy
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
sed, conj.but
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
iam, adv.now, already
reputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount, reckon among; think over
plūs (adv.)more
glōria, -ae, f.glory
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
ubicumque (adv.)wherever
certō, adv.with certainty, for certain, certainly
Nōricus, -a, -umof Noricum (modern Austria)
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
victōria, -ae, f.victory
praemium, -ī, n.reward
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
Poenīnus, -a, -umPennine; Alpes Poeninae, iuga Poenina: the Pennine Alps (Great St Bernard)
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
subsignānus, -a, -umserving under the standards; miles subsignanus: legionary detachment troops
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
hībernus, -a, -umwintry, of winter
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
trādūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead across
Tacitus, Historiae I. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.