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Tacitus · Historiae I

Histories 1.53

Vitellius courts the soldiers

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Hist. 1.53.1Sub ipsās superiōris annī kalendās Decembrīs Aulus Vitellius īnferiōrem Germāniam ingressus hīberna legiōnum cum cūrā adierat: redditī plērīsque ōrdinēs, remissa ignōminia, adlevātae notae;Just about the first of December of the previous year Aulus Vitellius had entered Lower Germany and visited the winter quarters of the legions with care: ranks were restored to many, disgrace remitted, marks of censure lightened; Hist. 1.53.1plūra ambitiōne, quaedam iūdiciō, in quibus sordīs et avāritiam Fontēī Capitōnis adimendīs adsignandīsve mīlitiae ōrdinibus integrē mūtāverat.more from a wish for popularity, some from judgement, among them his honest reversal of the meanness and avarice of Fonteius Capito in taking away or assigning military rank. Hist. 1.53.1Nec cōnsulāris lēgātī mēnsūra sed in maius omnia accipiēbantur.Nor was everything taken by the measure of a consular legate, but in an exaggerated light. Hist. 1.53.1Et ut Vitellius apud sevērōs humilis, ita cōmitātem bonitātemque faventēs vocābant, quod sine modō, sine iūdiciō dōnāret sua, largīrētur aliēna;And while to strict men Vitellius seemed abject, so his supporters called it affability and kindness that he gave away his own without limit or judgement and lavished what was others'; Hist. 1.53.1simul aviditāte imperitandī ipsa vitia prō virtūtibus interpretābantur.at the same time, in their eagerness for an emperor, they interpreted his very vices as virtues.

Hist. 1.53.1Multī in utrōque exercitū sīcut modestī quiētīque ita malī et strēnuī.In both armies there were many men who were well behaved and quiet, and as many who were wicked and energetic. Hist. 1.53.1Sed profūsā cupīdine et īnsignī temeritāte lēgātī legiōnum Aliēnus Caecīna et Fabius Valēns;But of boundless ambition and remarkable rashness were the legionary legates Alienus Caecina and Fabius Valens; Hist. 1.53.1ē quibus Valēns īnfēnsus Galbae, tamquam dētēctam ā sē Verginiī cūnctātiōnem, oppressa Capitōnis cōnsilia ingrāte tulisset, īnstīgāre Vitellium, ardōrem mīlitum ostentāns: ipsum celebrī ubīque fāmā, nūllam in Flaccō Hordeōniō moram;of these Valens, hostile to Galba, as though Galba had shown no gratitude for his exposure of Verginius' hesitation and his crushing of Capito's plans, kept urging Vitellius on, pointing to the soldiers' ardour: he himself was celebrated everywhere, and there would be no obstruction from Hordeonius Flaccus; Hist. 1.53.1adfore Britanniam, secūtūra Germānōrum auxilia: male fīdās prōvinciās, precārium senī imperium et brevī trānsitūrum: panderet modo sinum et venientī Fortūnae occurreret.Britain would join them, the German auxiliaries would follow: the provinces were of doubtful loyalty, the old man's power precarious and soon to pass: let him only open his arms and run to meet Fortune as she came.

Hist. 1.53.1Meritō dubitāsse Verginium equestrī familiā, ignōtō patre, imparem sī recēpisset imperium, tūtum sī recūsāsset: Vitelliō trīs patris cōnsulātūs, cēnsūram, collēgium Caesaris et impōnere iam prīdem imperātōris dignātiōnem et auferre prīvātī sēcūritātem.Verginius had rightly hesitated, being of an equestrian family with an unknown father, unequal to the empire had he accepted it, safe if he refused it: for Vitellius, his father's three consulships, his censorship and his partnership with Caesar had long since conferred an emperor's rank and taken away a private citizen's safety. Hist. 1.53.1Quatiēbātur hīs segne ingenium ut concupīsceret magis quam ut spērāret.His sluggish nature was shaken by these words, so that he desired rather than hoped.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×3, indirect statement ×1, purpose clauses ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (146 words)
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
annus, -ī, m.year
Kalendae, -ārum f. pl.the Kalends (1st day of the month)
December, -bris, -breof December (Nōnae Decembrēs: 5 December)
īnferior, -iuslower
ingredior, -ī, ingressus sumgo into, enter
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
cum, prep, with abl.with
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend back; give up, remit
ignōminia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
adlevō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslift up, raise
nota, -ae f.mark, sign; brand, stigma
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
ambitiō, -ōnis f.canvassing for office; ambition, desire for honours
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
sordēs, -is f. (usu. pl.)dirt, squalor, shabbiness
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
avāritia, -ae f.greed
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
adsignō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusassign, allot; put down to, impute to
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
integrē (adv.)honestly, uprightly; correctly
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
mēnsūra, -ae f.measurement, measure
sed, conj.but
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
omnis, -eall, every
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
sevērus, -a, -umstern, strict, severe
humilis, -elow; humble, poor
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
cōmitās, -ātis f.courtesy, friendliness
bonitās, -ātis f.goodness, fertility (of land)
que, enclitic conj.and
faveō, -ēre, fāvī, fautum (+ dat.)favour, support
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
quod, conj.that, in that, because
sine, prep. with abl.without
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
dōnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumgive; present (someone with something)
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
largior, -īrī, -ītus sumgive generously, bribe
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
aviditās, -ātis f.greed, eager desire
imperitō, -āre, -āvīrule over, command (+ dat.)
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
interpretor, -ārī, -ātus sumexplain, interpret
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
sīcut (conj.)just as
modestus, -a, -ummoderate, restrained, modest
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
malus, -a, -umbad
strēnuus, -a, -umactive, vigorous, energetic
profūsus, -a, -umlavish, extravagant (with: gen.)
cupīdō, -inis f. (in Sallust also m.)desire, longing, greed
īnsignis, -enotable, remarkable
temeritās, -ātis f.rashness, recklessness
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
īnfēnsus, -a, -umhostile, angry (with: dat.)
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
dētegō, -ere, -tēxī, -tēctusuncover, unroof; reveal
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
cūnctātiō, -ōnis f.delay, hesitation
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
ingrātus, -a, -umunwelcome, unpleasant; ungrateful
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
īnstīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusurge on, rouse, incite
ardor, -ōris m.blaze, fire, glow; ardor caelī: a light in the sky
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
ostentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshow, display; show off
celeber, celebris, celebrefrequented; renowned, celebrated
ubīque (adv.)everywhere
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
mora, -ae, f.delay
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
male, adv.badly, ill
fīdus, -a, -umfaithful, loyal, trustworthy
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
precārius, -a, -umobtained by entreaty, held on sufferance; uncertain
senex, senis, m.old man
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
brevis, -eshort
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
pandō, -ere, pandī, passumspread out (passīs manibus: with hands outstretched)
modo, adv.only
sinus, -ūs, m.bosom, lap
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun against, meet
meritō (adv.)deservedly, rightly
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
equester, -tris, -treof cavalry
familia, -ae f.household (incl. slaves and dependents)
ignōtus, -a, -umunknown
pater, patris, m.father
impār, imparisunequal, ill-matched
sī, conj.if
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
recūsō, -cūsāre, -cūsāvī, -cūsātusgive a reason against, refuse
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
cēnsūra, -ae f.the office of censor; judgment, assessment
collēgium (conlēgium), -ī n.board, body of colleagues
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
iam, adv.now, already
prīdem (adv.)long ago; iam prīdem: long since
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
dignātiō, -ōnis f.esteem, regard; rank, standing
auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātusbear away, carry off
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
sēcūritās, -ātis f.freedom from care, composure
quatiō, -ere, —, quassusshake, beat
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
segnis, -eslow, sluggish, idle
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
concupīscō, -cupīscere, -cupīvī, -cupītuslong for, covet
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
Tacitus, Historiae I. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.