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Tacitus · Historiae I

Histories 1.51

Rome dreads Otho and Vitellius

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Hist. 1.51.1Trepidam urbem ac simul atrōcitātem recentis sceleris, simul veterēs Othōnis mōrēs paventem novus īnsuper dē Vitelliō nūntius exterruit, ante caedem Galbae suppressus ut tantum superiōris Germāniae exercitum dēscīvisse crēderētur.The city was in alarm, dreading at once the atrocity of the recent crime and Otho's old habits, when it was terrified besides by fresh news about Vitellius, which had been suppressed before Galba's murder so that only the army of Upper Germany was believed to have revolted. Hist. 1.51.1Tum duōs omnium mortālium impudīcitiā ignāviā luxuriā dēterrimōs velut ad perdendum imperium fātāliter ēlēctōs nōn senātus modo et eques, Quīs aliqua pars et cūra reī pūblicae, sed vulgus quoque palam maerēre.Then not only the senate and the knights, who had some share in and concern for the state, but the common people too openly lamented that two men, the worst of all mortals in unchastity, sloth and extravagance, had been chosen by fate, as it were, to ruin the empire. Hist. 1.51.1Nec iam recentia saevae pācis exempla sed repetītā bellōrum cīvīlium memoriā captam totiēns suīs exercitibus urbem, vāstitātem Ītaliae, dīreptiōnēs prōvinciārum, Pharsāliam Philippōs et Perusiam ac Mutinam, nota pūblicārum clādium nōmina, loquēbantur.They spoke no longer of the recent examples of a cruel peace, but, recalling the memory of the civil wars, of the city so often captured by its own armies, the devastation of Italy, the plundering of the provinces, Pharsalia, Philippi, Perusia and Mutina, names notorious for public disasters.

Hist. 1.51.1Prope ēversum orbem etiam cum dē prīncipātū inter bonōs certārētur, sed mānsisse G.The world had been all but overturned even when good men contended for the principate, but the empire had survived the victory of Gaius Hist. 1.51.1Iūliō, mānsisse Caesare Augustō victōre imperium;Julius, had survived the victory of Caesar Augustus; Hist. 1.51.1mānsūram fuisse sub Pompeiō Brūtōque rem pūblicam: nunc prō Othōne an prō Vitelliō in templa itūrōs?the republic would have survived under Pompey and Brutus: were they now to go to the temples to pray for Otho or for Vitellius? Hist. 1.51.1Utrāsque impiās precēs, utraque dētestanda vōta inter duōs, quōrum bellō sōlum id scīrēs, dēteriōrem fore quī vīcisset.Impious would be the prayers for either, accursed the vows for either, between two men of whose war you could know only this, that the winner would be the worse. Hist. 1.51.1Erant quī Vespasiānum et arma Orientis augurārentur, et ut potior utrōque Vespasiānus, ita bellum aliud atque aliās clādīs horrēbant.There were some who foresaw Vespasian and the armies of the East, and though Vespasian was better than either, still they shuddered at another war and other disasters.

Hist. 1.51.1Et ambigua dē Vespasiānō fāma, sōlusque omnium ante sē prīncipum in melius mūtātus est.And Vespasian's reputation was ambiguous, and he alone of all the emperors before him was changed for the better.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (115 words)
trepidus, -a, -umanxious, alarmed; critical, dangerous
urbs, urbis, f.city
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
atrōcitās, -ātis f.fierceness, harshness, cruelty
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
vetus, veterisold, former
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
paveō, -ēre, pāvībe terrified, tremble
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
īnsuper (adv.)above, on top; besides
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
exterreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten badly, terrify
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
supprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressuspress down, hold back, check
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
dēscīscō, -ere, -scīvī, -scītumbreak away, revolt, desert (from: ab)
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
tum, adv.then, at that time
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
omnis, -eall, every
mortālis, -emortal
impudīcitia, -ae f.shamelessness, indecency
ignāvia, -ae f.laziness; cowardice
luxuria, -ae f.luxury
dēterior, -iusworse, poorer
veluteven or just as, as
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
fātāliter (adv.)by fate, as if destined
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
nōn, adv.not
senātus, -ūs m.senate
modo, adv.only
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
sed, conj.but
vulgus, -ī n.the common people, the crowd
quoque, adv.also
palam (adv.)openly, publicly
maereō, -ēregrieve, be sad
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
iam, adv.now, already
saevus, -a, -umfierce, savage
pāx, pācis f.peace
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
bellum, -ī, n.war
cīvīlis, -eof citizens; bellum cīvīle: civil war
memoria, -ae, f.memory
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
totiēns (adv.)so often, so many times
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
vāstitās, -ātis f.desolation, devastation
dīreptiō, -ōnis f.plundering, pillage
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
ēvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusoverturn, overthrow, destroy
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
prīncipātus, -ūs m.leadership, first place
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
bonus, -a, -umgood
certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscontend, compete, vie
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
que, enclitic conj.and
nunc, adv.now
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
an, conj.or (in questions)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
templum, -ī, n.sanctuary, temple
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
impius, -a, -umwicked, impious
prex, precis f. (usu. pl.)prayer, entreaty
dētestor, -ārī, -ātus sumcall down curses on, curse
vōtum, -ī n.vow; wish, prayer
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
oriēns, -entis m.the rising sun; the East
auguror, -ārī, -ātus sumforetell; suppose, guess
potior, -ius (comp. adj.)better, preferable, more powerful
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
horreō, -ēre, horruīshudder at, dread
ambiguus, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain; in ambiguō: in doubt
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
sōlus, -a, -umalone
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
Tacitus, Historiae I. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.