| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| urbānus, -a, -um | of the city (Rome), urban |
| longus, -a, -um | long; tedious |
| sacrāmentum, -ī n. | military oath (of allegiance) |
| imbuō, -buere, -buī, -būtus | wet, soak, dip |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| dēstituō, -ere, -stituī, -stitūtum | leave in the lurch, abandon |
| ars, artis, f. | art |
| magis, comp. adv. | more, rather |
| impulsus, -ūs m. | push; urging, instigation |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| ingenium, -ī n. | natural ability, talent, cleverness; character |
| trādūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead across |
| postquam, conj. | later than, after, when |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| dōnātīvum, -ī n. | gift of money to soldiers, bounty |
| sub, prep. with acc. and abl. | under; sub vesperum, towards evening |
| nōmen, -minis, n. | name (that by which one is known) |
| prōmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send or put forth, promise |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| meritum, -ī n. | service, desert |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| praemium, -ī, n. | reward |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| pāx, pācis f. | peace |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| praeveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum | come before, arrive first, get ahead of |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| grātia, -ae, f. | favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite |
| intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctus | perceive, understand |
| apud, prep, with acc. | among, with |
| prīnceps, -ipis | first, chief; as noun: leader |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| prōnus, -a, -um | leaning forward; inclined, prone (to) |
| novus, -a, -um | new; novissimus, last |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| scelus, sceleris, n. | wickedness, crime |
| īnsuper (adv.) | above, on top; besides |
| praefectus, -ī m. | commander, officer |
| imperium, -ī, n. | command; sway, rule |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| mōlior, -īrī, -ītus sum | work at, contrive, plot |
| agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | drive about; discuss, debate |
| quidem, adv. | in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| cōnātus, -ūs, m. | attempt, effort |
| opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressus | press against, overpower, crush |
| serō, serere, sēvī, satus | sow, plant |
| quamvīs (adv.) | however much, as … as you like |
| caput, capitis, n. | head |
| dēfectiō, -ōnis f. | revolt, desertion |
| auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātus | bear away, carry off |
| maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsus | remain |
| plērīque, plēraeque, plēraque | most, very many |
| cōnscientia, -ae f. | awareness; consciousness of guilt, guilty conscience |
| dēsum, deesse, dēfuī | be lacking, fail |
| sermō, -ōnis, m. | conversation, talk, speech |
| senium, -ī n. | old age, decay; gloom, grief |
| avāritia, -ae f. | greed |
| increpō, -āre, -uī, -itus | make a noise, rattle; rebuke |
| laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | praise |
| ōlim, adv. | once upon a time, once, formerly, of old |
| mīlitāris, -e | military, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare |
| fāma, -ae, f. | report, rumor |
| celebrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | throng; keep (a festival), celebrate |
| sevēritās, -ātis f. | strictness, severity |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| angō, -ere, ānxī | choke; (pass.) be vexed, be distressed |
| aspernor, -ārī, -ātus sum | spurn, reject, scorn |
| vetus, veteris | old, former |
| disciplīna, -ae f. | training, discipline |
| ita, adv. | in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as |
| quattuordecim (indecl.) | fourteen |
| annus, -ī, m. | year |
| adsuēfaciō, -facere, -fēcī, -factus | accustom, train |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| haud, adv. | not at all, by no means, not |
| minus, comp. adv. | less |
| vitium, -ī n. | fault, vice |
| amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | love |
| virtūs, -tūtis, f. | manliness, courage, bravery |
| vereor, -ērī, -itus | fear |
| accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessum | come near, approach; be added |
| vōx, vōcis, f. | voice; word |
| prō, prep. with abl. | before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for |
| pūblicus, -a, -um | public, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state) |
| honestus, -a, -um | respected, honourable |
| anceps, ancipitis | two-sided, on two fronts; doubtful |
| legō, legere, lēgī, lēctus | choose, pick out; read |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| emō, -ere, ēmī, ēmptum | buy |
| enim, conj. | for |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| fōrma, -ae, f. | form, appearance; beauty |
| cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | the other, the remaining, the rest of |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |