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Tacitus · Historiae I

Histories 1.16

Galba's advice on ruling

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Hist. 1.16.1"Sī immēnsum imperiī corpus stāre ac lībrārī sine rēctōre posset, dignus eram ā quō rēs pūblica inciperet: nunc eō necessitātis iam prīdem ventum est ut nec mea senectūs cōnferre plūs populō Rōmānō possit quam bonum successōrem, nec tua plūs iuventa quam bonum prīncipem.'If the immense body of the empire could stand and keep its balance without a ruler, I would be worthy to have the republic begin with me: as it is, we have long since come to such a pass of necessity that neither can my old age confer more on the Roman people than a good successor, nor your youth more than a good emperor. Hist. 1.16.1Sub Tiberiō et Gāiō et Claudiō ūnīus familiae quasi hērēditās fuimus: locō lībertātis erit quod ēligī coepimus;Under Tiberius, Gaius and Claudius we were, as it were, the inheritance of a single family: that we have begun to be chosen will take the place of liberty; Hist. 1.16.1et fīnītā Iūliōrum Claudiōrumque domō optimum quemque adoptiō inveniet.and now that the house of the Julii and Claudii has come to an end, adoption will find the best man.

Hist. 1.16.1Nam generārī et nāscī ā prīncipibus fortuītum, nec ultrā aestimātur: adoptandī iūdicium integrum et, sī velīs ēligere, cōnsēnsū mōnstrātur.For to be begotten and born of emperors is a matter of chance, and is valued no further: the judgement of the adopter is free, and, if you wish to choose, it is pointed out by general consent. Hist. 1.16.1Sit ante oculōs Nerō quem longā Caesarum seriē tumentem nōn Vindex cum inermī prōvinciā aut ego cum ūnā legiōne, sed sua immānitās, sua luxuria cervīcibus pūblicīs dēpulērunt;Keep before your eyes Nero, whom, swollen with pride in the long line of Caesars, not Vindex with an unarmed province nor I with one legion, but his own monstrousness, his own extravagance threw from the necks of the people; Hist. 1.16.1neque erat adhūc damnātī prīncipis exemplum.and there was as yet no precedent of an emperor condemned. Hist. 1.16.1Nōs bellō et ab aestimantibus adscītī cum invidiā quamvīs ēgregiī erimus.We, brought in by war and by men who weighed our merits, will be envied, however outstanding we may be. Hist. 1.16.1Nē tamen territus fuerīs sī duae legiōnēs in hōc concussī orbis mōtū nōndum quiēscunt: nē ipse quidem ad sēcūrās rēs accessī, et audītā adoptiōne dēsinam vidērī senex, quod nunc mihi ūnum obicitur.Do not be alarmed, though, if two legions in this upheaval of a shaken world are not yet quiet: I myself did not come to a secure position either, and once the adoption is heard of I shall cease to seem old, which is now the only charge made against me.

Hist. 1.16.1Nerō ā pessimō quōque semper dēsīderābitur: mihi ac tibi prōvidendum est nē etiam ā bonīs dēsīderētur.Nero will always be missed by all the worst men: you and I must see to it that he is not missed by the good as well. Hist. 1.16.1Monēre diūtius neque temporis huius, et implētum est omne cōnsilium sī tē bene ēlēgī.To advise you at greater length does not suit this moment, and all my purpose is fulfilled if I have chosen you well. Hist. 1.16.1Ūtilissimus īdem ac brevissimus bonārum malārumque rērum dīlēctus est, cōgitāre quid aut voluerīs sub aliō prīncipe aut nōluerīs;The most useful and also the shortest way of distinguishing good from bad is to consider what you would have wished or not wished under another emperor; Hist. 1.16.1neque enim hīc, ut gentibus quae regnantur, certa dominōrum domus et cēterī servī, sed imperātūrus es hominibus quī nec tōtam servitūtem patī possunt nec tōtam lībertātem."for here it is not as with peoples ruled by kings, where there is a fixed house of masters and all the rest are slaves, but you are going to rule men who can endure neither complete servitude nor complete freedom.' Hist. 1.16.1Et Galba quidem haec ac tālia, tamquam prīncipem faceret, cēterī tamquam cum factō loquēbantur.Galba, then, spoke in this way and to this effect, as though he were making an emperor, the rest as though speaking to one already made.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (153 words)
sī, conj.if
immēnsus (inmēnsus), -a, -umimmeasurable, boundless, vast
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
corpus, corporis, n.body
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
lībrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbalance, poise
sine, prep. with abl.without
rēctor, -ōris m.ruler, guide, director
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
nunc, adv.now
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
iam, adv.now, already
prīdem (adv.)long ago; iam prīdem: long since
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
senectūs, -tūtis f.old age
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
plūs (adv.)more
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
bonus, -a, -umgood
successor, -ōris m.successor (in office)
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
iuventa, -ae f.youth, the time of youth
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
familia, -ae f.household (incl. slaves and dependents)
quasi, conj.as if
hērēditās, -ātis f.inheritance
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
quod, conj.that, in that, because
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
fīniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusbound, limit; end
que, enclitic conj.and
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
adoptiō, -ōnis f.adoption
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
nam, conj.for
generō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbeget, produce
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
fortuītus, -a, -umaccidental, happening by chance; n. pl., accidents
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
aestimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumvalue, reckon
adoptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusadopt; choose, take for oneself
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
volō, velle, voluīwish
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
mōnstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspoint out, show
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
oculus, -ī, m.eye
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
seriēs, -ēī f.row, chain, succession
tumeō, -ēreswell, be swollen
nōn, adv.not
cum, prep, with abl.with
inermis, -eunarmed
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
sed, conj.but
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
immānitās, -tātis, f.cruelty, barbarity
luxuria, -ae f.luxury
cervīx, -īcis f.neck (often pl.)
dēpellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive off or away, drive
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
damnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcondemn
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
nōsplur. of ego
bellum, -ī, n.war
adscīscō, -ere, -scīvī, -scītustake up, admit, attach to oneself (as an ally)
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
ēgregius, -a, -umoutstanding, excellent
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
concutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshake violently; shake, weaken
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
nōndum, adv.not yet
quiēscō, -ere, quiēvī, quiētusrest, keep quiet
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
sēcūrus, -a, -umfree from care, untroubled; careless (of: gen.)
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
dēsinō, -sinere, -siī, -situsstop, cease (+ inf.)
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
senex, senis, m.old man
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
malus, -a, -umbad
semper, adv.always
dēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslong for, miss; require
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsumforesee; provide for
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
moneō, -ēre, -uī, -ituswarn
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētumfill; fulfil, complete
omnis, -eall, every
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
bene, adv.well; successfully
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
brevis, -eshort
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
enim, conj.for
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
regnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreign, rule
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
homō, hominis, m.man
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
servitūs, -tūtis, f.slavery, servitude
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
tālis, -esuch
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
factum, -ī n.deed, act
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
Tacitus, Historiae I. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.