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Tacitus · Germania

Germania 37

The Cimbri and two centuries of war

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Germ. 37.1Eundem Germāniae sinum proximī Oceanō Cimbrī tenent, parva nunc cīvitās, sed glōria ingēns.The same projection of Germany, nearest the Ocean, is held by the Cimbri, now a small state, but immense in glory. Germ. 37.1Veterisque fāmae lāta vestīgia manent, utrāque rīpā castra ac spatia, quōrum ambitū nunc quoque mētiāris mōlem manūsque gentis et tam magnī exitūs fidem.And broad traces of their ancient fame remain, camps and grounds on either bank, by whose circuit you may even now measure the mass and the manpower of the nation and the truth of so great an exodus. Germ. 37.2Sescentēsimum et quadrāgēsimum annum urbs nostra agēbat, cum prīmum Cimbrōrum audīta sunt arma Caeciliō Metellō ac Papīriō Carbōne cōnsulibus.Our city was in its six hundred and fortieth year when the arms of the Cimbri were first heard of, in the consulship of Caecilius Metellus and Papirius Carbo. Germ. 37.2Ex quō sī ad alterum imperātōris Trāiānī cōnsulātum computēmus, ducentī ferme et decem annī colliguntur: tam diū Germānia vincitur.If we count from then to the second consulship of the emperor Trajan, about two hundred and ten years are reckoned: so long has Germany been in the conquering.

Germ. 37.3Mediō tam longī aevī spatiō multa in vicem damna.In the course of so long an age there have been many losses on each side. Germ. 37.3Nōn Samnīs, nōn Poenī, nōn Hispāniae Galliaeve, nē Parthī quidem saepius admonuēre: quippe regnō Arsacis ācrior est Germānōrum lībertās.Not the Samnite, not the Carthaginians, not Spain or Gaul, not even the Parthians have taught us more frequent lessons: for the freedom of the Germans is fiercer than the kingdom of Arsaces. Germ. 37.4Quid enim aliud nōbīs quam caedem Crassī, āmissō et ipse Pacorō, īnfrā Ventidium dēiectus Oriēns obiēcerit?For what else has the East to throw in our face but the slaughter of Crassus, the East which itself lost Pacorus and was laid low beneath a Ventidius? Germ. 37.5At Germānī Carbōne et Cassiō et Scaurō Aurēliō et Servīliō Caepiōne Maximōque Malliō fūsīs vel captīs quīnque simul cōnsulārēs exercitūs populō Rōmānō, Vārum trēsque cum eō legiōnēs etiam Caesarī abstulērunt;But the Germans, routing or capturing Carbo and Cassius and Scaurus Aurelius and Servilius Caepio and Maximus Mallius, took from the Roman people five consular armies together, and from Caesar too Varus and three legions with him; Germ. 37.5nec impūne C. Marius in Ītaliā, dīvus Iūlius in Galliā, Drūsus ac Nerō et Germānicus in suīs eōs sēdibus perculērunt: mox ingentēs C. Caesaris minae in lūdibrium versae.nor was it without cost that Gaius Marius struck them in Italy, the deified Julius in Gaul, and Drusus and Nero and Germanicus in their own homes: later the mighty threats of Gaius Caesar were turned into a mockery.

Germ. 37.6Inde ōtium, dōnec occāsiōne discordiae nostrae et cīvīlium armōrum expugnātīs legiōnum hībernīs etiam Galliās adfectāvēre, ac rūrsus pulsī;Then came quiet, until, seizing the chance of our discord and civil war, they stormed the winter quarters of the legions and even aimed at the Gauls, and were driven back again; Germ. 37.6nam proximīs temporibus triumphātī magis quam victī sunt.for in recent times they have been triumphed over rather than conquered.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (127 words)
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
sinus, -ūs, m.bosom, lap
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
nunc, adv.now
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
sed, conj.but
glōria, -ae, f.glory
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
vetus, veterisold, former
que, enclitic conj.and
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
lātus, -a, -umbroad, wide
vestīgium, -ī, n.track, foot-print
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ambitus, -ūs m.canvassing for office; bribery at elections (lēgēs ambitus: the bribery laws)
quoque, adv.also
mētior, -īrī, mēnsus summeasure out, distribute
mōlēs, -is f.mass; dam, breakwater
manus, -ūs, f.hand
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
tam, adv.so
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
exitus, -ūs m.way out; outcome, end
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
sescentēsimus, -a, -umsix hundredth
quadrāgēsimus (quadrāgēnsimus), -a, -umfortieth
annus, -ī, m.year
urbs, urbis, f.city
noster, -tra, -trumour
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
sī, conj.if
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
computō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount up, reckon, calculate
ducentī, -ae, -atwo hundred
ferme (adv.)about, nearly, almost
decem, indecl. adj.ten
colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctumgather, collect (sē colligere: recover oneself)
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
aevum, -ī n.age, lifetime; old age
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
vicis (gen.), vicem f.change, turn; in vicem: in turn
damnum, -ī, n.harm, injury
nōn, adv.not
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
saepe, adv.often, frequently
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
enim, conj.for
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
nōsplur. of ego
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
īnfrā (adv. and prep. + acc.)below, further down
dēiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow down, cast, drive out of one's course
oriēns, -entis m.the rising sun; the East
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
at, conj.but
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
velor; vel … vel: either … or
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
quīnquefive
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
cum, prep, with abl.with
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātusbear away, carry off
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
impūne (adv.)without punishment
dīvus, -ī m. (gen. pl. also dīvum, dīvom)god
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sēdēs, -is, f.seat, abode
percellō, -ere, -culī, -culsusstrike down; dismay, crush
mox, adv.soon
minae, -ārum, f. plur.threats
lūdibrium, -ī n.mockery; a plaything, laughing-stock
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
inde (adv.)from there; then
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
occāsiō, -ōnis, f.chance, opportunity
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
cīvīlis, -eof citizens; bellum cīvīle: civil war
expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake by storm, capture
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
adfectō (affectō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusaim at, strive for, aspire to
rūrsus, adv.again
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
nam, conj.for
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
triumphō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscelebrate a triumph; exult
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
Tacitus, Germania. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.