LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Tacitus › Germania › Germania 3

Tacitus · Germania

Germania 3

Battle songs and the legend of Ulysses

English onlyRead it word by word

Germ. 3.1Fuisse et apud eōs Herculem memorant, prīmumque omnium virōrum fortium itūrī in proelia canunt.They record that Hercules too was among them, and when about to go into battle they sing of him as the first of all brave men. Germ. 3.1Sunt illīs haec quoque carmina quōrum relātū, quem baritum vocant, accendunt animōs futūraeque pugnae fortūnam ipsō cantū augurantur;They also have songs of the kind by whose recital, which they call 'baritus', they kindle their courage, and from the chant itself they foretell the fortune of the coming fight; Germ. 3.1terrent enim trepidantve, prōut sonuit aciēs, nec tam vōcis ille quam virtūtis concentus vidētur.for they inspire terror or tremble themselves according to how the battle line has sounded, and it seems not so much a harmony of voices as of valour. Germ. 3.2Adfectātur praecipuē asperitās sonī et frāctum murmur, obiectīs ad ōs scūtīs, quō plēnior et gravior vōx repercussū intumēscat.They aim above all at a harshness of sound and a broken roar, holding their shields up to their mouths, so that the voice may swell fuller and deeper by the echo.

Germ. 3.3Cēterum et Ulixēn quīdam opīnantur longō illō et fābulōsō errōre in hunc Oceanum dēlātum adīsse Germāniae terrās, Asciburgiumque, quod in rīpā Rhēnī situm hodiēque incolitur, ab illō cōnstitūtum nōminātumque;Moreover, some suppose that Ulysses too, in his long and legendary wandering, was carried into this Ocean and reached the lands of Germany, and that Asciburgium, which lies on the bank of the Rhine and is inhabited to this day, was founded and named by him; Germ. 3.3āram quīn etiam Ulixī cōnsecrātam, adiectō Lāertae patris nōmine, eōdem locō ōlim repertam, monumentaque et tumulōs quōsdam Graecīs litterīs īnscrīptōs in cōnfīniō Germāniae Raetiaeque adhūc extāre.indeed, that an altar dedicated to Ulysses, with the name of his father Laertes added, was once found in the same place, and that certain monuments and mounds inscribed with Greek letters still survive on the border of Germany and Raetia. Germ. 3.4Quae neque cōnfirmāre argūmentīs neque refellere in animō est: ex ingeniō suō quisque dēmat vel addat fidem.These things I have no intention either of confirming with arguments or of refuting: let each person take away or add belief according to his own disposition.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×4, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (102 words)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
que, enclitic conj.and
omnis, -eall, every
vir, virī, m.man
fortis, -ebrave
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
canō, -ere, cecinī, cantussing; of a trumpet: sound (receptuī canere: sound the retreat)
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
quoque, adv.also
carmen, -minis, n.song, charm
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
relātus, -ūs m.recital, narration; report
baritus, -ūs m.the German war-chant raised before battle
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
cantus, -ūs, m.singing, song
augurō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustake the auspices; augurātō (abl. abs.): after taking the auspices
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
enim, conj.for
trepidō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe in a panic, hurry about in alarm
prōut (conj.)just as, according as
sonō, -āre, sonuī, sonitusmake a sound, sound
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
tam, adv.so
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
concentus, -ūs m.harmony, music of voices or notes sounding together
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
adfectō (affectō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusaim at, strive for, aspire to
praecipuē, adv.especially
asperitās, -ātis f.roughness, unevenness; harshness
sonus, -ī m.sound
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctusbreak; dash to pieces, wreck
murmur, -uris n.murmur, muttering
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
scūtum, -ī, n.shield
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
plēnus, -a, -umfull
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
repercussus, -ūs m.echo, reverberation; reflection
intumēscō, -ere, -tumuīswell up; swell with anger or pride
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
opīnor, -ārī, -ātus sumthink, suppose; ut opīnor: I imagine
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
fābulōsus, -a, -umfamous in story, legendary
error, -ōris m.wandering; mistake, error
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
situs, -a, -umplaced, situated
hodiē (adv.)today
incolō, -colere, -coluīinhabit
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumname, mention
āra, -ae, f.altar
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
cōnsecrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake sacred, consecrate
adiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow to, throw, hurl
pater, patris, m.father
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
ōlim, adv.once upon a time, once, formerly, of old
reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertusfind, discover
monumentum, -ī n.memorial, monument; record
tumulus, -ī m.mound, hillock
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
īnscrībō, -scrībere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptuswrite on, inscribe
cōnfīnium, -ī n.common boundary, borderland
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
exstō, -ārestand out; appear, arise
cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātusstrengthen, establish; declare, assert
argūmentum, -ī n.proof, evidence
refellō, -ere, -fellīrefute, disprove
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
dēmō, -ere, dēmpsī, dēmptustake away, remove
velor; vel … vel: either … or
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
Tacitus, Germania. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.