| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| aciēs, -ēī, f. | line of battle |
| turpis, -e | disgraceful |
| prīnceps, -ipis | first, chief; as noun: leader |
| virtūs, -tūtis, f. | manliness, courage, bravery |
| vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum | conquer, defeat |
| comitātus, -ūs m. | escort, retinue, company |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| adaequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | equal, keep up with |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| vērō, adv. | in truth, indeed; however |
| īnfāmis, -e | of ill repute, notorious |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| vīta, -ae, f. | life |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| probrōsus, -a, -um | shameful, disgraceful; abusive, insulting |
| superstes, -stitis | surviving, outliving (dat.) |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| recēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum | go back, withdraw, retire |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsus | ward off; defend |
| tueor, -ērī, tuitus sum | watch over, protect, defend |
| quoque, adv. | also |
| fortis, -e | brave |
| factum, -ī n. | deed, act |
| glōria, -ae, f. | glory |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| adsignō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | assign, allot; put down to, impute to |
| praecipuus, -a, -um | special, particular, outstanding |
| sacrāmentum, -ī n. | military oath (of allegiance) |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| prō, prep. with abl. | before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for |
| victōria, -ae, f. | victory |
| pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | fight |
| comes, -itis, m. and f. | companion |
| sī, conj. | if |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| orior, -īrī, -tus | arise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn |
| longus, -a, -um | long; tedious |
| pāx, pācis f. | peace |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| ōtium, -ī n. | leisure, rest; peace, quiet |
| torpeō, -ēre | be numb, be paralysed |
| plērīque, plēraeque, plēraque | most, very many |
| nōbilis, -e | well-known, noble |
| adulēscēns, -entis, m. | youth, young man |
| petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus | seek, ask; attack |
| ultrō (adv.) | of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth) |
| nātiō, -ōnis f. | people, nation; birth |
| tum, adv. | then, at that time |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj. | some, any |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| quia (conj.) | because |
| ingrātus, -a, -um | unwelcome, unpleasant; ungrateful |
| gēns, gentis, f. | race, nation |
| quiēs, quiētis, f. | rest, repose |
| facile, adv. | easily |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| anceps, ancipitis | two-sided, on two fronts; doubtful |
| clārēscō, -ere, clāruī | become clear; grow loud |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| nisi, conj. | if not, unless |
| vīs, vīs, f. | violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main |
| exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum | drive out; finish, spend (a season) |
| enim, conj. | for |
| līberālitās, -ātis f. | generosity |
| bellātor, -ōris m. | warrior, fighter |
| equus, -ī, m. | horse |
| cruentus, -a, -um | bloody, blood-stained |
| victrīx, -īcis (f. adj. and noun) | victorious; conqueror (feminine) |
| framea, -ae f. | spear (the German word for it) |
| nam, conj. | for |
| epulae, -ārum f. pl. | feast, banquet |
| quamquam, conj. | however much, although |
| incomptus, -a, -um | uncombed, unkempt; rough, unpolished |
| largus, -a, -um | abundant, plentiful; generous |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| apparātus, -ūs m. | preparation; display, splendour |
| stīpendium, -ī, n. | tax, tribute |
| cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessum | go, withdraw, give way |
| māteria, -ae f. | timber, material |
| mūnificentia, -ae f. | generosity, open-handedness |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tus | seize, snatch |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| arō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | plow |
| terra, -ae, f. | land, earth |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātus | look out for, wait for, await, expect; wait |
| annus, -ī, m. | year |
| tam, adv. | so |
| persuādeō, -suādēre, -suāsi, -suāsus | persuade, prevail upon, induce |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | call, summon |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| vulnus, vulneris, n. | wound |
| mereor, -ērī, meritus sum | deserve; (dē) do service to |
| piger, -gra, -grum | sluggish, slow |
| quīn, conj. | so that ... not, but that, but |
| immō (adv.) | no rather, on the contrary; immō vērō: no, indeed, even |
| iners, -ertis | sluggish, idle, unmanly |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| sūdor, -ōris m. | sweat; toil |
| adquīrō, -quīrere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītus | acquire, gain in addition |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| sanguis, sanguinis, m. | blood |
| parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | make ready, prepare |