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Tacitus · Agricola

Agricola 9

Governor of Aquitania, then consul

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Agr. 9.1Revertentem ab lēgātiōne legiōnis dīvus Vespasiānus inter patriciōs adscīvit;When he returned from commanding the legion, the deified Vespasian enrolled him among the patricians; Agr. 9.1ac deinde prōvinciae Aquītāniae praeposuit, splendidae inprīmīs dignitātis administrātiōne ac spē cōnsulātūs, cui dēstinārat.and then put him in charge of the province of Aquitania, a post of especially splendid distinction both for its administration and for the hope of the consulship, for which he had marked him out. Agr. 9.2Crēdunt plērīque mīlitāribus ingeniīs subtīlitātem dēesse, quia castrēnsis iūrisdictiō sēcūra et obtūsior ac plūra manū agēns calliditātem forī nōn exerceat.Many believe that military men lack subtlety, because the jurisdiction of the camp, being free from care and rather blunt and doing most things by force, does not exercise the shrewdness of the courts. Agr. 9.3Agricola nātūrālī prūdentiā, quamvīs inter togātōs, facile iūstēque agēbat.Agricola, through his natural good sense, although among civilians, acted with ease and justice. Agr. 9.3Iam vērō tempora cūrārum remissiōnumque dīvīsa: ubi conventūs ac iūdicia poscerent, gravis intentus, sevērus et saepius misericors: ubi officiō satis factum, nūlla ultrā potestātis persōna;Moreover, his times of business and of relaxation were kept apart: when assizes and trials demanded it, he was grave, attentive, stern and yet more often merciful; when his duty had been done, there was no longer any mask of power; Agr. 9.3trīstitiam et adrogantiam et avāritiam exuerat.he had shed gloominess, arrogance and greed.

Agr. 9.4Nec illī, quod est rārissimum, aut facilitās auctōritātem aut sevēritās amōrem dēminuit.Nor in his case, which is very rare, did his affability diminish his authority or his strictness the affection felt for him. Agr. 9.4Integritātem atque abstinentiam in tantō virō referre iniūria virtūtum fuerit.To mention integrity and self-restraint in so great a man would be an insult to his virtues. Agr. 9.5Nē fāmam quidem, cui saepe etiam bonī indulgent, ostentandā virtūte aut per artem quaesīvit: procul ab aemulātiōne adversus collēgās, procul ā contentiōne adversus prōcūrātōrēs, et vincere inglōrium et atterī sordidum arbitrābātur.He did not even seek fame, to which even good men often yield, by parading his virtue or by artifice: far from rivalry with his colleagues, far from strife with the procurators, he thought it inglorious to win and degrading to be worn down. Agr. 9.6Minus triennium in eā lēgātiōne dētentus ac statim ad spem cōnsulātūs revocātus est, comitante opīniōne Britanniam eī prōvinciam darī, nūllīs in hoc suīs sermōnibus, sed quia pār vidēbātur.He was kept in that command for less than three years and then at once recalled to the prospect of the consulship, while general opinion attended him that Britain was being given to him as his province, not from any talk of his own on the matter, but because he seemed equal to it.

Agr. 9.7Haud semper errat fāma;Rumour does not always err; Agr. 9.7aliquandō et ēlēgit.sometimes it even chooses. Agr. 9.7Cōnsul ēgregiae tum speī fīliam iuvenī mihi dēspondit ac post cōnsulātum collocāvit, et statim Britanniae praepositus est, adiectō pontificātūs sacerdōtiō.As consul he betrothed his daughter, a girl of excellent promise even then, to me as a young man, and after his consulship gave her to me in marriage, and was at once put in charge of Britain, with the priesthood of the pontificate added.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×1, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (144 words)
revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertīturn back, return
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
lēgātiō, -ōnis f.embassy, mission
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
dīvus, -ī m. (gen. pl. also dīvum, dīvom)god
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
patricius, -ī m.patrician, member of the old Roman nobility
adscīscō, -ere, -scīvī, -scītustake up, admit, attach to oneself (as an ally)
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
deinde, adv.then, next
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
praepōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput in command of
splendidus, -a, -umbright, magnificent
inprīmīs (imprīmīs) (adv.)above all, especially, first of all
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
administrātiō, -ōnis f.management, use; working, operation
spēs, speī, f.hope
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
dēstinō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfasten, make fast
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
subtīlitās, -ātis f.fineness, precision, subtlety; plain elegance (of style)
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
quia (conj.)because
castrēnsis, -eof the camp, military
iūrisdictiō, -ōnis f.administration of justice, jurisdiction
sēcūrus, -a, -umfree from care, untroubled; careless (of: gen.)
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
obtūsus, -a, -umblunt, dull; unfeeling
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
manus, -ūs, f.hand
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
calliditās, -ātis f.shrewdness, cunning
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
nōn, adv.not
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
nātūrālis, -enatural, by nature
prūdentia, -ae, f.prudence
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
togātus, -a, -umwearing the toga; Gallia togata: Gaul this side of the Alps, whose people had Roman citizenship
facile, adv.easily
iūstē (adv.)justly, rightly
que, enclitic conj.and
iam, adv.now, already
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
remissiō, -ōnis f.relaxing, easing; leniency
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
conventus, -ūs m.meeting, assembly
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out; stretch, draw, aim
sevērus, -a, -umstern, strict, severe
saepe, adv.often, frequently
misericors, -cordistender-hearted, compassionate
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
persōna, -ae f.mask; character, role; personal standing
trīstitia, -ae, f.sadness
arrogantia, -ae f.arrogance
avāritia, -ae f.greed
exuō, -uere, -uī, -ūtusput or take off
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
rārus, -a, -umscattered, few
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
facilitās, -ātis f.easiness of manner, good nature, approachability
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
sevēritās, -ātis f.strictness, severity
amor, -ōris, m.love
dēminuō, -ere, -minuī, -minūtumlessen, reduce
integritās, -ātis f.uprightness, honesty
abstinentia, -ae f.self-restraint, integrity (especially with money)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
vir, virī, m.man
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
bonus, -a, -umgood
indulgeō, -ēre, indulsī (+ dat.)be kind to, favour
ostentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshow, display; show off
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
ars, artis, f.art
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
aemulātiō, -ōnis f.rivalry, the effort to equal someone
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
contentiō, -ōnis f.struggle, dispute
prōcūrātor, -ōris m.manager, agent; regent
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
inglōrius, -a, -umwithout glory, inglorious, unhonoured
atterō, -terere, -trīvī, -trītusrub away, wear down; ruin
sordidus, -a, -umdirty; mean, base, of low status
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
minus, comp. adv.less
triennium, -ī n.a period of three years
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
dētineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentumhold back, detain
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
revocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcall back, recall
comitor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccompany, follow
opīniō, -ōnis, f.opinion, expectation; reputation
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
sed, conj.but
pār, parisequal
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
semper, adv.always
errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswander, stray; be mistaken
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
ēgregius, -a, -umoutstanding, excellent
tum, adv.then, at that time
fīlia, -ae, f.daughter
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
dēspondeō, -ēre, -spondī, -spōnsuspromise in marriage, betroth
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
collocō (conlocō), -āre, -āvī, -ātumplace, station; give in marriage
adiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow to, throw, hurl
pontificātus, -ūs m.the office of pontifex; here the post of chief priest (pontifex maximus)
sacerdōtium, -ī n.priesthood
Tacitus, Agricola. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.