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Tacitus · Agricola

Agricola 30

Calgacus: the last of the free

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Agr. 30.1"Quotiēns causās bellī et necessitātem nostram intueor, magnus mihi animus est hodiernum diem cōnsēnsumque vestrum initium lībertātis tōtī Britanniae fore: nam et ūniversī servitūtis expertēs, et nūllae ultrā terrae ac nē mare quidem sēcūrum inminente nōbīs classe Rōmānā."'Whenever I consider the causes of the war and our own necessity, I have great confidence that this day and your unity will be the beginning of liberty for the whole of Britain: for we have all of us never known servitude, and there are no lands beyond us, and not even the sea is safe, with the Roman fleet threatening us. Agr. 30.2" ita proelium atque arma, quae fortibus honesta, eadem etiam ignāvīs tūtissima sunt."Thus battle and arms, which bring honour to the brave, are also the safest course even for cowards. Agr. 30.3"Priōrēs pugnae, quibus adversus Rōmānōs variā fortūnā certātum est, spem ac subsidium in nostrīs manibus habēbant, quia nōbilissimī tōtīus Britanniae eōque in ipsīs penetrālibus sitī nec servientium lītora aspicientēs, oculōs quoque ā contāctū dominātiōnis inviolātōs habēbāmus."Earlier battles, in which the struggle against the Romans was waged with varying fortune, had their hope and their reserve in our hands, because we, the noblest of all Britain and therefore dwelling in its innermost sanctuary, and not looking upon the shores of the enslaved, kept even our eyes unpolluted by the touch of tyranny.

Agr. 30.4"Nōs terrārum ac lībertātis extrēmōs recessūs ipse ac sinūs fāmae in hunc diem dēfendit: atque omne ignōtum prō magnificō est: " "sed nunc terminus Britanniae patet, nūlla iam ultrā gēns, nihil nisi flūctūs et saxa, et īnfestiōrēs Rōmānī, quōrum superbiam frūstrā per obsequium ac modestiam effūgerīs."Us, the furthest of lands and the last of the free, our very remoteness and the obscurity of our name have defended until this day: and everything unknown is taken for something magnificent: but now the end of Britain lies open, there is no longer any people beyond us, nothing but waves and rocks, and the Romans, more hostile still, whose arrogance you would vainly try to escape by submission and restraint. Agr. 30.6"Raptōrēs orbis, postquam cūncta vāstantibus dēfuēre terrae, iam et mare scrūtantur: sī locuplēs hostis est, avārī, sī pauper, ambitiōsī, quōs nōn Oriēns, nōn Occidēns satiāverit: sōlī omnium opēs atque inopiam parī adfectū concupīscunt."Robbers of the world, now that lands have failed them as they lay everything waste, they are searching the sea too: if an enemy is rich, they are greedy, if poor, they crave glory; neither the East nor the West has sated them: alone of all men they covet wealth and want with equal passion.

Agr. 30.7"Auferre trucīdāre rapere falsīs nōminibus imperium, atque ubi sōlitūdinem faciunt, pācem appellant."To carry off, to butcher, to plunder they call by the false name of empire, and where they make a desert, they call it peace.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (133 words)
quotiēns (adv.)how many times; as often as
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
bellum, -ī, n.war
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
noster, -tra, -trumour
intueor, -tuērī, -tuituslook upon, behold
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
hodiernus, -a, -umof today; hodiernō diē, today
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
que, enclitic conj.and
vester, -tra, -trumyour
initium, -ī, n.beginning
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
nam, conj.for
ūniversus, -a, -umall together, whole, entire, all
servitūs, -tūtis, f.slavery, servitude
expers, -pertishaving no share in, without (+ gen. or abl.)
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
mare, maris, n.sea
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
sēcūrus, -a, -umfree from care, untroubled; careless (of: gen.)
immineō, -ērehang over; threaten, be close at hand
nōsplur. of ego
classis, -is f.fleet
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
fortis, -ebrave
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
ignāvus, -a, -umlazy, cowardly
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
varius, -a, -umvarious
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
certō, adv.with certainty, for certain, certainly
spēs, speī, f.hope
subsidium, -ī, n.reserve, reinforcement, support, help
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
manus, -ūs, f.hand
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
quia (conj.)because
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
penetrāle, -is n.inner part (of a house); (pl.) the innermost rooms
situs, -a, -umplaced, situated
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
serviō, -ire, -īvī, -ītusbe subject to, serve
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
aspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook at or on, behold
oculus, -ī, m.eye
quoque, adv.also
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
contāctus, -ūs m.touch, contact
dominātiō, -ōnis f.absolute rule, tyranny
inviolātus, -a, -umunharmed; sacred, inviolable
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
recessus, -ūs m.retreat, withdrawal; a way of retreat
sinus, -ūs, m.bosom, lap
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
omnis, -eall, every
ignōtus, -a, -umunknown
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
magnificus, -a, -umsplendid, magnificent
sed, conj.but
nunc, adv.now
terminus, -ī m.boundary, limit
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
iam, adv.now, already
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
nisi, conj.if not, unless
flūctus, -ūs m.wave
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
superbia, -ae f.pride, arrogance
frūstrā, adv.in vain
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
obsequium, -ī n.compliance, obedience; service (to a god): obsequium praestāre Deō
modestia, -ae f.moderation, discipline, restraint
effugio, -fugere, -fūgīflee out or away, escape
raptor, -ōris m.robber, plunderer; (of wolves) ravening
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay waste
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
scrūtor, -ārī, -ātus sumsearch, examine closely
sī, conj.if
locuplēs, -ētisrich, wealthy
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
avārus, -a, -umgreedy, avaricious
pauper, -erispoor; as a noun, a poor person
ambitiōsus, -a, -umeager for office or popularity, ambitious
nōn, adv.not
oriēns, -entis m.the rising sun; the East
occidō, -ere, occidī, occāsumfall; (of the sun) set (sōl occidēns: the west)
satiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfill, satisfy; satiārī, eat one's fill
sōlus, -a, -umalone
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
inopia, -ae f.lack, want, scarcity
pār, parisequal
affectus (adfectus), -ūs m.feeling, emotion, affection; disposition
concupīscō, -cupīscere, -cupīvī, -cupītuslong for, covet
auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātusbear away, carry off
trucīdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusslaughter, butcher
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
falsus, -a, -umfeigned, pretended, false
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
sōlitūdō, -inis f.loneliness; a wilderness, desert
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
pāx, pācis f.peace
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
Tacitus, Agricola. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.