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Tacitus · Agricola

Agricola 3

Freedom returns after fifteen years

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Agr. 3.1Nunc dēmum redit animus;Now at last our spirit is returning; Agr. 3.1sed quamquam prīmō statim beātissimī saeculī ortū Nerva Caesar rēs ōlim dissociābilīs miscuerit, prīncipātum ac lībertātem, augeatque quotīdiē fēlīcitātem temporum Nerva Trāiānus, nec spem modo ac vōtum sēcūritās pūblica, sed ipsīus vōtī fīdūciam ac rōbur adsūmpserit, nātūrā tamen īnfirmitātis hūmānae tardiōra sunt remedia quam mala;but although at the very first dawn of a most blessed age Nerva Caesar has combined things once incompatible, the principate and liberty, and although Nerva Trajan is daily increasing the happiness of the times, and public security has taken on not only hope and prayers but the assurance and strength of that very prayer, nevertheless by the nature of human weakness remedies work more slowly than ills; Agr. 3.1et ut corpora nostra lentē augēscunt, citō extinguuntur, sīc ingenia studiaque oppresserīs facilius quam revocāverīs: subit quippe etiam ipsīus inertiae dulcēdō, et invīsa prīmō dēsidia postrēmō amātur.and as our bodies grow slowly and are quickly extinguished, so you would crush talents and studies more easily than you would revive them: for even the sweetness of idleness itself steals over us, and the sloth that was at first hateful is in the end loved.

Agr. 3.2Quid, sī per quīndecim annōs, grande mortālis aevī spatium, multī fortuītīs cāsibus, promptissimus quisque saevitiā prīncipis intercīdērunt, paucī et, ut ita dīxerim, nōn modo aliōrum sed etiam nostrī superstitēs sumus, exēmptīs ē mediā vītā tot annīs, quibus iuvenēs ad senectūtem, senēs prope ad ipsōs exāctae aetātis terminōs per silentium vēnimus.What then, if over fifteen years, a great span of mortal life, many have perished by chance misfortunes, and all the most energetic by the cruelty of the emperor, and we few are survivors, so to speak, not only of others but even of ourselves, so many years having been taken out of the middle of our lives, in which we have come in silence, young men to old age, old men almost to the very limits of a completed life. Agr. 3.3Nōn tamen pigēbit vel inconditā ac rudī vōce memoriam priōris servitūtis ac testimōnium praesentium bonōrum composuisse.Yet I shall not regret having composed, even in an unskilled and rough voice, a record of our former servitude and a testimony to our present blessings. Agr. 3.3Hic interim līber honōrī Agricolae socerī meī dēstinātus, professiōne pietātis aut laudātus erit aut excūsātus.Meanwhile this book, intended to honour Agricola my father-in-law, will be either praised or excused by its profession of filial devotion.

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Latin vocabulary for this passage (130 words)
nunc, adv.now
dēmum, adv.at last
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
sed, conj.but
quamquam, conj.however much, although
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
beātus, -a, -umhappy, blessed
saeculum, -ī n.generation, age; century
ortus, -ūs m.rising (ortus sōlis: sunrise)
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
ōlim, adv.once upon a time, once, formerly, of old
dissociābilis, -eincompatible, irreconcilable; dividing
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
prīncipātus, -ūs m.leadership, first place
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
que, enclitic conj.and
cottīdiē, adv.daily, every day
fēlīcitās, -ātis f.good fortune, luck
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
spēs, speī, f.hope
modo, adv.only
vōtum, -ī n.vow; wish, prayer
sēcūritās, -ātis f.freedom from care, composure
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
fīdūcia, -ae f.confidence, trust, reliance
rōbur, rōboris, n.oak
assūmō, -ere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake up, receive; take to oneself
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
īnfirmitās, -ātis f.weakness; fickleness
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
tardus, -a, -umslow
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
remedium, -ī, n.remedy
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
corpus, corporis, n.body
noster, -tra, -trumour
lentē (adv.; comp. lentius)slowly
augēscō, -ere, auxīgrow, increase
citō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset in motion, urge on; citātus: swift, rushing
ex(s)tinguō, -ere, -stīnxī, -stīnctusput out, quench; destroy
sīc, adv.so, thus
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
facile, adv.easily
revocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcall back, recall
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
inertia, -ae f.inactivity, idleness, sloth
dulcēdō, -inis, f.sweetness
invīsus, -a, -umhated, hateful (to: dat.)
prīmō, adv.at first
dēsidia, -ae f.idleness, sloth
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslove
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
sī, conj.if
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
quīndecim (indecl.)fifteen
annus, -ī, m.year
grandis, -elarge, big
mortālis, -emortal
aevum, -ī n.age, lifetime; old age
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
fortuītus, -a, -umaccidental, happening by chance; n. pl., accidents
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
promptus, -a, -umready, eager
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
saevitia, -ae f.fierceness, cruelty
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
intercīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut through, cut apart
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
nōn, adv.not
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
nōsplur. of ego
superstes, -stitissurviving, outliving (dat.)
eximō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake away, remove; use up (a day)
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
vīta, -ae, f.life
tot (indecl.)so many
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
senectūs, -tūtis f.old age
senex, senis, m.old man
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumdrive out; finish, spend (a season)
aetās, -tātis, f.age
terminus, -ī m.boundary, limit
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
piget, -ēre, piguit (impers.)it irks, it displeases (the person in acc., the cause in gen.)
velor; vel … vel: either … or
inconditus, -a, -umrough, unpolished, artless; disorderly
rudis, -eraw, rough; (of cloth) new, unshrunk
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
memoria, -ae, f.memory
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
servitūs, -tūtis, f.slavery, servitude
testimōnium, -ī n.evidence, proof
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput together; mend, set in order
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
interim (adv.)meanwhile
līber, lībera, līberumfree
honor, -ōris, m.honor
socer, -erī m.father-in-law
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
dēstinō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfasten, make fast
professiō, -ōnis f.public declaration, registration
pietās, -ātis f.dutifulness, devotion to family and gods
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
excūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusexcuse, make excuses for
Tacitus, Agricola. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.