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Tacitus · Agricola

Agricola 1

Why lives of great men are written

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Agr. 1.1Clārōrum virōrum facta mōrēsque posterīs trādere, antīquitus ūsitātum, nē nostrīs quidem temporibus quamquam incūriōsa suōrum aetās omīsit, quotiēns magna aliqua ac nōbilis virtūs vīcit ac supergressa est vitium parvīs magnīsque cīvitātibus commūne, ignōrantiam rēctī et invidiam.To hand down to posterity the deeds and characters of famous men, a custom practised of old, is something that not even our own age has neglected, indifferent though it is to its own people, whenever some great and noble virtue has conquered and risen above the vice common to small and great states alike, ignorance of what is right, and envy. Agr. 1.2Sed apud priōrēs ut agere digna memorātū prōnum magisque in apertō erat, ita celeberrimus quisque ingeniō ad prōdendam virtūtis memoriam sine grātiā aut ambitiōne bonae tantum cōnscientiae pretiō dūcēbātur.But among earlier generations, just as it was natural and more open to do deeds worth recording, so every man most renowned for his talent was led to hand down the memory of virtue without partiality or self-seeking, for the reward of a good conscience alone. Agr. 1.3Ac plērīque suam ipsī vītam narrāre fīdūciam potius mōrum quam adrogantiam arbitrātī sunt, nec id Rutiliō et Scaurō citrā fidem aut obtrectātiōnī fuit: adeō virtūtēs īsdem temporibus optimē aestimantur, quibus facillimē gignuntur.And many thought that to narrate their own lives showed confidence in their character rather than arrogance, and in the case of Rutilius and Scaurus this met neither with disbelief nor with detraction: so true is it that virtues are best appreciated in the very times in which they are most easily produced.

Agr. 1.4At nunc narrātūrō mihi vītam dēfūnctī hominis venia opus fuit, quam nōn petīssem incūsātūrus: tam saeva et īnfesta virtūtibus tempora.But now, when I was about to narrate the life of a man who has died, I needed to ask for indulgence, which I would not have sought had I been about to make an accusation: so cruel and so hostile to virtues are the times.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (96 words)
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
vir, virī, m.man
factum, -ī n.deed, act
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
que, enclitic conj.and
posterī, -ōrum m. pl.descendants, posterity
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
antīquitus (adv.)long ago, from ancient times
ūsitātus, -a, -umusual, familiar, in common use
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
noster, -tra, -trumour
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
quamquam, conj.however much, although
incūriōsus, -a, -umcareless, indifferent, unconcerned (about)
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
aetās, -tātis, f.age
omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missuslet go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose
quotiēns (adv.)how many times; as often as
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
supergredior, -gredī, -gressus sumgo beyond, exceed, surpass
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
ignōrantia, -ae f.ignorance, lack of knowledge
rēctus, -a, -umdirect, straight
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
sed, conj.but
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
prōnus, -a, -umleaning forward; inclined, prone (to)
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
apertus, -a, -umopen
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
celeber, celebris, celebrefrequented; renowned, celebrated
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditumhand down; betray
memoria, -ae, f.memory
sine, prep. with abl.without
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
ambitiō, -ōnis f.canvassing for office; ambition, desire for honours
bonus, -a, -umgood
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
cōnscientia, -ae f.awareness; consciousness of guilt, guilty conscience
pretium, -ī, n.price, charge
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
vīta, -ae, f.life
narrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustell, relate, narrate
fīdūcia, -ae f.confidence, trust, reliance
potius (adv.)rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
arrogantia, -ae f.arrogance
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
citrā (prep. + acc.)on this side of
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
obtrectātiō, -ōnis f.disparagement, envious detraction
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
bene, adv.well; successfully
aestimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumvalue, reckon
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
facile, adv.easily
gignō, gignere, genuī, genitusproduce, bring forth
at, conj.but
nunc, adv.now
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
dēfungor, -fungī, -fūnctus sumfinish, be done with; dēfūnctus: dead
homō, hominis, m.man
venia, -ae f.pardon, forgiveness
opus, operis, n.work, task
nōn, adv.not
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
incūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, rebuke
tam, adv.so
saevus, -a, -umfierce, savage
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
Tacitus, Agricola. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.