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Seneca · Epistulae Morales 2–52

Seneca, Letter 35

Friendship, love and a steady will

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Ep. 35.1Cum tē tam valdē rogō, ut studeās, meum negōtium agō;When I ask you so earnestly to study, I am attending to my own business; Ep. 35.1habēre tē amīcum volō, quod contingere mihi, nisi pergis ut coepistī excolere tē, nōn potest.I want to have you as a friend, and this cannot fall to my lot unless you go on cultivating yourself as you have begun. Ep. 35.1Nunc enim amās mē, amīcus nōn es.For at present you love me, but you are not my friend. Ep. 35.1"Quid ergō?'What then? Ep. 35.1Haec inter sē dīversa sunt?"Are these things different from one another?' Ep. 35.1Immō dissimilia.Indeed, they are unlike. Ep. 35.1Quī amīcus est, amat;He who is a friend loves; Ep. 35.1quī amat, nōn utique amīcus est.he who loves is not necessarily a friend. Ep. 35.1Itaque amīcitia semper prōdest, amor aliquandō etiam nocet.And so friendship always does good, while love sometimes even does harm. Ep. 35.1Sī nihil aliud, ob hoc prōfice, ut amāre discās.If for nothing else, make progress for this reason, that you may learn how to love. Ep. 35.2Festīnā ergō, dum mihi prōficis, nē istuc alterī didicerīs.Hurry, then, while you are making progress for my sake, lest it be for someone else that you have learned this.

Ep. 35.2Ego quidem percipiō iam frūctum, cum mihi fingō ūnō nōs animō futūrōs et quicquid aetātī meae vigōris abscessit, id ad mē ex tuā, quamquam nōn multum abest, reditūrum.I indeed already reap the fruit, when I picture to myself that we shall be of one mind, and that whatever vigour has departed from my age will return to me from yours, although yours is not so very far behind. Ep. 35.3Sed tamen rē quoque ipsā esse laetus volō.But all the same I want to be glad in the reality itself as well. Ep. 35.3Venit ad nōs ex iīs, quōs amāmus, etiam absentibus gaudium, sed id leve et ēvānidum;Joy comes to us from those we love even when they are absent, but it is light and fading; Ep. 35.3cōnspectus et praesentia et conversātiō habet aliquid vīvae voluptātis, utique sī nōn tantum quem velīs, sed quālem velīs, videās.the sight of them, their presence and their company hold something of living pleasure, especially if you see not only the man you wish, but the kind of man you wish. Ep. 35.3Adfer itaque tē mihi ingēns mūnus, et quō magis īnstēs, cōgitā tē mortālem esse, mē senem.Bring yourself to me, then, a mighty gift, and, to press on the harder, reflect that you are mortal, and I am old.

Ep. 35.4Properā ad mē, sed ad tē prius.Hurry to me, but to yourself first. Ep. 35.4Prōfice et ante omnia hoc cūrā, ut cōnstēs tibi.Make progress, and above all take care of this, that you are consistent with yourself. Ep. 35.4Quotiēns experīrī volēs, an aliquid āctum sit, observā, an eadem hodiē velīs, quae herī.Whenever you wish to test whether anything has been achieved, observe whether you wish the same things today as yesterday. Ep. 35.4Mūtātiō voluntātis indicat animum natāre, aliubi atque aliubi appārēre, prōut tulit ventus.A change of will shows that the mind is drifting, appearing now here and now there, as the wind has carried it. Ep. 35.4Nōn vagātur, quod fīxum atque fundātum est.What is fixed and founded does not wander. Ep. 35.4Istud sapientī perfectō contingit, aliquātenus et prōficientī prōvectōque.This is the lot of the perfect wise man, and to some extent also of the one who is making progress and is well advanced. Ep. 35.4Quid ergō interest?What, then, is the difference? Ep. 35.4Hic commovētur quidem, nōn tamen trānsit, sed suō locō nūtat;The one is moved, indeed, yet he does not shift his position, but sways in his own place; Ep. 35.4ille nē commovētur quidem.the other is not even moved.

Ep. 35.4Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×2, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (142 words)
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
tam, adv.so
valdē, adv.very, greatly
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
studeō, -ēre, -uībe eager, give attention, apply oneself
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
volō, velle, voluīwish
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctumtouch, reach
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
nisi, conj.if not, unless
pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctumgo on, press on
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
excolō, -ere, -coluī, -cultuscultivate, improve, refine
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
nunc, adv.now
enim, conj.for
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslove
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
immō (adv.)no rather, on the contrary; immō vērō: no, indeed, even
dissimilis, -eunlike, different
utique (adv.)certainly, by all means; yes indeed
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
semper, adv.always
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
amor, -ōris, m.love
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
noceō, -ēre, nocuī, nocitum (+ dat.)harm, hurt
sī, conj.if
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
prōficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaccomplish, make progress
discō, discere, didicīlearn
festīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumhurry, make haste
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
percipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusfeel
iam, adv.now, already
frūctus, -ūs, m.enjoyment; fruit
fingō, fingere, finxī, fictusinvent, make up
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
nōsplur. of ego
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
aetās, -tātis, f.age
vigor, -ōris m.vigour, energy, liveliness
abscēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo away, withdraw
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
quamquam, conj.however much, although
multum, -ī, n.much
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
sed, conj.but
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
quoque, adv.also
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
gaudium, -ī, n.gladness, joy
levis, -elight, slight
ēvānidus, -a, -umvanishing, fleeting, faint
cōnspectus, -ūs, m.sight
praesentia, -ae, f.the present
conversātiō, -ōnis f.keeping company, mixing with others, social life
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
adferō, adferre, attulī, adlātusbear to, bring
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
mortālis, -emortal
senex, senis, m.old man
properō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushasten
prius, adv.before, first
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
omnis, -eall, every
cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake care of; (+ gerundive) have something done
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
quotiēns (adv.)how many times; as often as
experior, -īrī, expertus sumtry, test, experience
an, conj.or (in questions)
observō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwatch; keep, respect
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
hodiē (adv.)today
herī (adv.)yesterday
mūtātiō, -ōnis f.change, alteration
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
indīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictumproclaim, call (a meeting)
natō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswim, float
aliubi (adv.)elsewhere; aliubi atque aliubi: now here, now there
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
prōut (conj.)just as, according as
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
ventus, -ī, m.wind
vagor, -ārī, -ātus sumwander, roam
fīgō, fīgere, fīxī, fīxusfix, fasten, plant firmly
fundō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay the foundations of, found, establish
sapiēns, -entiswise; as noun, a wise man, a philosopher
perfectus, -a, -umcomplete, perfect; blameless
aliquātenus (adv.)to some extent, in part
prōvehō, -vehere, -vexī, -vectuscarry forward
que, enclitic conj.and
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove, rouse; disturb
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
nūtō, -āre, -āvīnod, sway
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Seneca, Epistulae Morales 2–52. Latin text: R. M. Gummere, Seneca: Ad Lucilium Epistulae Morales (Loeb, 1917–25), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.