| igitur, conj. | therefore |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| suprā, adv. and prep. with acc. | above, before |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| postquam, conj. | later than, after, when |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| equitātus, -ūs m. | cavalry |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| rudis, -e | raw, rough; (of cloth) new, unshrunk |
| anteā, adv. | before |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| ignārus, -a, -um | ignorant |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| sollers, -ertis | skilful, clever, ingenious |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | few |
| tempestās, -tātis, f. | weather; storm, tempest |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| benignē, adv. | kindly |
| appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātus | call, name |
| multus, -a, -um | much, great; plur., many |
| rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | ask |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| beneficium, -ī, n. | well-doing, kindness, service, benefit |
| invītus, -a, -um | unwilling |
| accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer |
| sed, conj. | but |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| properanter (adv.) | hastily, quickly |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| aes, aeris, n. | copper, bronze |
| mūtuus, -a, -um | borrowed, lent; mutual (pecūnia mūtua: a loan) |
| reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | give back, return, restore; render |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| nūllus, -a, -um | not any, none, no |
| repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītum | demand back; seek again |
| magis, comp. adv. | more, rather |
| labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | labor, toil |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | owe; with infin., ought |
| iocor, -ārī, -ātus sum | joke, jest, play |
| sērius, -a, -um | serious; (n. pl. as noun) serious matters |
| humilis, -e | low; humble, poor |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| opus, operis, n. | work, task |
| agmen, -minis, n. | band, column |
| vigilia, -ae, f. | watch |
| adsum, adesse, adfuī | be present, be at hand |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| interim (adv.) | meanwhile |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| prāvus, -a, -um | crooked; bad, wrong |
| ambitiō, -ōnis f. | canvassing for office; ambition, desire for honours |
| soleō, -ēre, solitus sum | be accustomed, usually do |
| cōnsul, -ulis m. | consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates) |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron. | any one, anything |
| bonus, -a, -um | good |
| fāma, -ae, f. | report, rumor |
| laedō, -ere, laesī, laesus | hurt, injure; break (an oath) |
| tantummodo (adv.) | only, just |
| cōnsilium, -ī, n. | advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence |
| manus, -ūs, f. | hand |
| prior, prius | earlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front) |
| patior, patī, passus, bear | suffer, allow |
| plērīque, plēraeque, plēraque | most, very many |
| anteveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum | get ahead of, anticipate; surpass, outdo |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| ars, artis, f. | art |
| brevis, -e | short |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| cārus, -a, -um | dear, precious |