| igitur, conj. | therefore |
| cōnsul, -ulis m. | consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates) |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātus | search out, explore |
| crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | believe |
| deus, -ī, m. | god |
| frētus, -a, -um (+ abl.) | relying on |
| nam, conj. | for |
| contrā, prep, with acc. | against, contrary to |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| difficultas, -tātis, f. | difficulty |
| cōnsilium, -ī, n. | advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence |
| satis, adv. | enough, sufficiently |
| prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsum | foresee; provide for |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| quippe (adv.) | of course, indeed, for |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| frūmentum, -ī, n. | grain |
| inopia, -ae f. | lack, want, scarcity |
| temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | try, attempt |
| quia (conj.) | because |
| pābulum, -ī, n. | food, fodder |
| pecus, pecoris, n. | herd, flock, cattle |
| magis, comp. adv. | more, rather |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| arvum, -ī n. | ploughed field, field |
| studeō, -ēre, -uī | be eager, give attention, apply oneself |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque | whoever, whatever |
| nāscor, -ī, nātus sum | be born; rise, begin |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| iussus, -ūs, m. | bidding, command |
| rēx, rēgis, m. | king |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | fortify |
| cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātus | bring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way |
| ager, agri, m. | field, land |
| autem, conj. | moreover; but, however; now |
| āridus, -a, -um | dry; as a noun (āridum, -ī n.): dry land |
| frūx, frūgis f. (usu. pl.) | crops, produce |
| vacuus, -a, -um | empty |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| tempestās, -tātis, f. | weather; storm, tempest |
| aestās, -tātis, f. | summer |
| extrēmus, -a, -um | last, extreme, furthest |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| prō, prep. with abl. | before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| prōvidenter (adv.) | with foresight, prudently |
| exōrnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | equip, furnish; adorn |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| superior, -ius, adj. | higher; former, previous, preceding |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| praeda, -ae, f. | booty, spoil, plunder |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| auxiliārius, -a, -um | auxiliary (of troops raised from allies, not legionaries) |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| attribuō, -ere, -tribuī, -tribūtum | assign, allot |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| cohors, cohortis f. | cohort (a tenth of a legion); company |
| expedītus, -a, -um | unobstructed, easy; lightly equipped |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| oppidum, -ī, n. | town |
| ubi, adv. | where; conj., when |
| stīpendium, -ī, n. | tax, tribute |
| commeātus, -ūs, m. | supplies, provisions |
| locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | place; let out a contract for (a public work) |
| eō, īre, iī, itus | go |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| praedābundus, -a, -um | plundering, ravaging |
| post, adv. | after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind |
| paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | few |
| eōdem | to the same place |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| sīc, adv. | so, thus |
| inceptum, -ī n. | beginning, attempt, undertaking |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| occultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | hide, conceal |
| pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctum | go on, press on |
| flūmen, -minis, n. | river |